ENZYMES 2-4

Chemical reactions need help to get started. Ex: A fire needs a match to get it started.

______________ to get a chemical reaction _______________ = ________________________ Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved ACTIVATION ENERGY REACTANTS PRODUCTS ACTIVATION ENERGY Energy required STARTED

___________ HELP CHEMICAL REACTIONS _______________ Catalysts work by ____________ the ___________________________to get a chemical reaction started. Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved DECREASING CATALYSTS ACTIVATION ENERGY required HAPPEN FASTER

IT’S LIKE PUSHING A SNOWBALL UP A HILL Once it gets to top... it can roll back all by itself

CATALYSTS in Living Things In living systems __________ that ________________to control chemical reactions are called = _________ Image from: More about this in Chapters 7,8,9 and 12 SEE ANIMATION of AMYLASE PROTEINS act as catalysts ENZYMES

Video 4 Click the image to play the video segment. Video 4 Enzymatic Reactions 2D

PROTEINS CAN BE ENZYMES SUBSTRATE ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX PRODUCTS ENZYME Unchanged & Reusable ENZYME Image modified from: Arrow: ACTIVE SITE

Click HERE to learn more about enzymesHERE ENZYMES _____ like a _______________ to only _________of _________. Enzymes are ___________ by the reaction and ___________ LOCK AND KEY REUSABLE UNCHANGED FIT ONE KIND SUBSTRATE

FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTIVITY __________ & ______________ Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC or TOO HOT cause proteins to ________ or _________ pH temperature UNWIND DENATURE See a movie Choose narrated

Denaturing _______ the _______ of the ______________ so enzyme ______________ to ____________ Image modified from: _______________ (keeping pH and temperature constant) is ______________ for maintaining ____________________ HOMEOSTASIS changesshape ACTIVE SITE CAN’T BIND SUBSTRATE IMPORTANT ENZYME FUNCTION

Many enzyme NAMES end in _____ and the beginning of the name tells what it does DNA Polymerase= “polymerizes” joins monomers to make DNA Protease= breaks down proteins ATP synthase= synthesizes ATP -ASE

MAKE CONNECTIONS How is the SHAPE of an enzyme related to its FUNCTION?

SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS 9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells. EXAMPLE: role of enzymes LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things

Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things L.1.2A. (Synthesis) Describe how living systems use biofeedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis L.1.4A. (Application) Identify factors that change the rates of enzyme catalyzed reactions. SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE

Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: explain how protein production is regulated; predict how homeostasis is maintained within living systems; High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level: describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, …ADP/ATP, role of enzymes); describe the relationship between structure and function High school students performing at the BASIC level name chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes); recognize that different structures perform different functions; identify DNA as the structure that carries the genetic code; define homeostasis;