Starter What are the differences between a dehydration and hydrolysis reaction? What are the properties that make water so important? What are the 4 major macromolecules? What are the two parts to a chemical reaction? Read 5.2 Concept Check 1 and 3

Starter How do you differentiate between a dehydration and hydrolysis reaction? Name the 4 major macromolecules.

Starter What do you need to know for each macromolecule? What are the names of the people you sit with? What are the common elements found in the macromolecules?

Starter How do animals store sugar? What does hydrophobic mean?

Starter What are enzymes and what do they do? What is the monomer of a protein? What holds two of those monomers together?

What are Macromolecules? Large Molecules formed by joining many subunits together. – Polymers Built by Dehydration Synthesis – Water Out Broken by Hydrolysis – Water In

Macromolecules

What you need to know… For each Macromolecule – Function – Structure – Example(s)

Types of Organic Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Common Elements found in each: – C, H, N, O, P, S

Carbohydrates -- Function Main fuel supply for cellular work

Carbohydrate Structure Made of sugar molecules – Composed of Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

Examples of Carbohydrates Monosaccharides – simple sugars – 1 sugar unit – Ex: glucose Disaccharides – double sugar – 2 monosaccharides – Ex: Sucrose Polysaccharides – complex carbohydrate – Ex: starch

Glucose

Sucrose

Starch

Stored Sugar Organisms break sugars down – Use what they need – Store what they don’t Animals – Glycogen Plants – Starch

Lipids -- Function Hydrophobic Not a true polymer Function – Energy Storage – Cell Membrane Structure

Lipid Structure C, H, O General Fat structure 3 carbon backbone attached to three fatty acids – Saturated – all three fatty acids chains have maximum number of Hydrogen atoms Butter – Unsaturated – contain less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in one or more of its fatty acid chains fruits

Examples of Lipids Steroids – Estrogen – Testosterone – Cholesterol Fats Oils

Proteins -- Function Responsible for almost all day-to-day functioning of organisms Structural (bones, skin, hair, nails, muscle) Enzymes – Speed up chemical reactions Long-term nutrient storage

Protein Structure Made up of Amino Acids – Linked together by peptide bonds Polypeptide Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulfur

What makes Proteins unique? All proteins are the same EXCEPT – The R-Group Determines the proteins function

Nucleic Acids - Function 1.Stores Genetic Information 2.Directs protein synthesis

Nucleic Acids -- Structure C, H, O, N and P Made of nucleotides (monomer) – Sugar, phosphate, and base (A, T, G, C, U) Double Helix

Examples of Nucleic Acids Deoxyr ibonucleic Acid – DNA Ribonucleic Acid RNA