Intro to Organic Chemistry Study of molecules with carbon- carbon bonds

Organic & Inorganic Compounds All organisms are made up of organic and inorganic compounds Organic compoundsOrganic compounds –compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen –called organic because they are mainly found in living things –Examples: enzymes, sugars, insulin

Organic & Inorganic Compounds Inorganic compoundsInorganic compounds –compounds that do not contain both carbon and hydrogen. –organisms do require certain inorganic substances to survive –Examples: water, salts, acids and bases

STOP & JOT: Explain the difference between organic and inorganic compounds Circle the molecule if it is organic, put a square around it if it is inorganic H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 CO 2 NaCl C 8 H 9 NO 2

Carbon Bonding Carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level –It wants eight to achieve stability To fill its outer level it will form four covalent bonds with other carbon atoms or other elements STOP & JOT: Why is carbon so good at forming bonds ?

Carbon-Carbon Bonding Because carbon loves to bond to itself it can form many different arrangements 1.Ring 2.Straight 3.Branched ring branched straight

Types of Bonding Carbon can form three types of bonds –Single bond –Single bond: 2 atoms share 1 pair of electrons –Double Bond –Double Bond: 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electrons –Triple Bond –Triple Bond: 2 atoms share 3 pairs of electrons

Monomers & Polymers MonomersMonomers: small compounds, the “building block” –Monomers can be joined together to form polymers PolymersPolymers: large compounds formed by monomers –Macromolecules –Macromolecules: largest polymers Examples: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Monomer Polymer STOP & JOT: The prefix mono means ___________. The prefix poly means ___________

Monomers & Polymers Think about making houses –House are made from “bricks” –If you want to make different house, you have to use different bricks

Monomers & Polymers If you want to make different macromolecules you need to use different monomers (bricks) –Some monomers (bricks) builds proteins other monomers(bricks) build lipids

STOP & JOT: Arrange the following from smallest to largest-- Polymer, atom, monomer, macromolecule, molecule Atom, molecule, monomer, polymer, macromolecule Circle the picture that represents the monomer and put a square around the picture that represents the polymer

Building Larger Molecules Dehydration SynthesisDehydration Synthesis (condensation reaction) Takes smaller, simpler molecules (monomers) and combines them to form larger, more complex molecules with the removal of one WATER molecule

Dehydration Synthesis STOP & JOT: In your own words, summarize a dehydration synthesis reaction

Breaking Apart Large Molecules Hydrolysis Reactions This involves adding water to break apart large molecules into smaller ones. –This process can be repeated on huge polymers until it has been entirely split into its monomer units STOP & JOT: How is hydrolysis different than dehydration synthesis?

Keystone Quiz Carbon is unique due to the carbon atom’s A.Six outer unpaired electrons. B.Bonding properties. C.Ionic compounds. D.Hydrogen bonding strength.