Topics in ten…

Bacteria

Size (500nm – several um) Genetics (HGT) Gram type (peptidoglycan) Metabolism Reproduction Pathogenesis

Viruses

Size (30nm – several um) Genetics - type Proteins – env, Reproduction

Epigenetics: the study of changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype, caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequencegene expressioncellular phenotypeDNA

Epigenetics: the study of changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype, caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequencegene expressioncellular phenotypeDNA

Prions Prions are generally quite resistant to proteases, heat, radiation, and formalin treatments.proteasesheatradiationformalin Effective prion decontamination relies upon protein hydrolysis or reduction or destruction of protein tertiary structure. Examples include bleach, caustic soda, and strongly acidic detergents such as LpH.bleachcaustic soda 134 °C (274 °F) for 18 minutes in a pressurized steam autoclave may not be enough to deactivate the agent of diseaseautoclave

Prions

Affected animal(s)Disease sheepsheep, goatgoatScrapie [42] cattle Bovine spongiform encephalopathyBovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), mad cow disease [42] [42] mink [42] Transmissible mink encephalopathyTransmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) white-tailed deer, elk, mule deer, moose [42] [42] Chronic wasting diseaseChronic wasting disease (CWD) cat [42] Feline spongiform encephalopathyFeline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) nyalanyala, oryx, greater kudu [42]oryxgreater kudu [42] Exotic ungulate encephalopathyExotic ungulate encephalopathy (EUE) ostrich [43] Spongiform encephalopathy (Has not been shown to be transmissible.) human Creutzfeldt–Jakob diseaseCreutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) [42] [42] IatrogenicIatrogenic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (iCJD) Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) Familial Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (fCJD) Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome (GSS) [42] [42] Fatal familial insomniaFatal familial insomnia (FFI) [44] [44] Kuru [42]