Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Neurology Module: Brain Tumour. Radiotherapy.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Clinical Manifestations Progressive headache – No history of infection – Lack of fever, GI and urinary problems – Unremarkable laboratory work-up – Increasing.
Advertisements

Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing
Head Injury Saurabh Sinha Department of Clinical Neurosciences Western General Hospital.
The Brain Lecture 2 Ali B Alhailiy.
HAEMATOLOGY MODULE: LYMPHOMA Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing.
Lisa Randall, RN, MSN, ACNS-BC
HAEMATOLOGY MODULE: LEUKAEMIA (LECTURE 1) CHEMOTHERAPY Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing.
Headache Catriona Gribbin.
 Intracranial masses rapidly elevate the intracranial pressure because the skull is a closed compartment. Intracranial hypertension is most commonly.
Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing
Unsteadiness Year 2 Michaelmas Term The case.. A 56 year old man presented to his GP with a persistent right-sided headache in the occipital-parietal.
Surgery Surgery is the initial therapy for nearly all patients with brain tumors and can cure most benign tumors, including meningiomas Goal : to remove.
VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS A range of viruses can cause encephalitis but only a minority of patients have a history of recent viral infection. In Europe, the most.
Brain Tumors Maria Rountree. Most common types of brain tumors The most common childhood tumors are: The most common childhood tumors are: 1. Astrocytoma.
BRAIN TUMOR. What is it?  Brain neoplasms are a diverse group of primary (nonmetastatic) tumors arising from one of the many different cell types within.
Pediatric Brain Tumors
Online module: Intracranial Mass Lesions. Couple of quick things As you can imagine, this is a HUGE topic that encompasses parts of Neurosurgery that.
Brain Cancer Presented by Amal Oladuja and Michelle Garro.
Lecturer of Medical-Surgical
Neurosensory: Stroke/Brain tumors
Brain tumor.
SPINAL TUMORS. GROUP MEMBERS:  Carlwyn Collins  Jennifer Haynes  Satrupa Devi Singh  Vanessa Wickham.
Brain Cancer By Cara Klingaman. Significance The brain is the center of thoughts, emotions, memory and speech. Brain also control muscle movements and.
Brain Tumours – what should I know?
ANDY LIM Surgical HMO2.  Classification  Clinical presentation  Investigations  Management.
Tumors of the CNS can be: Primary Secondary
Nursing Management: Acute Intracranial Problems
Pathophysiologic Results of Neurologic Oncologic Disorders Manifestations depend upon the tissues infiltrated and compressed by the neoplasm Pathophysiologic.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CONFERENCE PEDIATRICS
ARAVIND EYE CARE SYSTEM Aravind Eye Hospital & Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology ARAVIND EYE CARE SYSTEM Aravind Eye Hospital & Postgraduate Institute.
Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Neurology Module: Spinal Disc Lesion.
Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Endocrine Module: Adrenal Cortex Hyposecretion: Addison’s Disease.
What is Brain Cancer. Primary Brain tumors A tumor within the brain that has forms in its original place. A tumor within the brain that has forms in its.
Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Endocrine Module: Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland.
1 Nursing Care & Priorities for Those with Traumatic Brain Injury & Brain Tumors Keith Rischer, RN, MA, CEN.
Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Musculo-skeletal Module: Bone Tumours.
Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Neurology Module: Meningitis.
Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Endocrine Module: Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus.
CNS Neoplasia Presented By: Joseph S. Ferezy, D.C.
Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Neurology Module: Multiple Sclerosis.
Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Neurology Module: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Neurological Disorder.
Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Endocrine Module: Anterior Pituitary Hypersecretion (ACTH)
Brain Abscess & Intracranial Tumors
Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing
Clinico-Pathologic Conference Pediatrics Borela-Cotaoco 17 February 2010.
Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Neurology Module: Spinal Cord Compression.
Brain:Spinal cord tumors 10:1
Brain abscess.
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Dr. Isazadehfar.
Hauser Péter. Anamnesis 1. 5-year old, female II/2 normal pregnancy, pvn, 3200g previous anamnesis: upper airway infections 3 months before: –diarrhoea,
Headache in General Practice 21 st October Headache ( To differentiate secondary from primary.
WHO Histologic Classification of CNS tumors
Nursing management of Increased Intracranial pressure
BRAIN TUMORS M. DuBois Fennal, PhD, RN, CNS. Definition  Intrarcranial tumor created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division. A localize of diffuse.
Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 32 Neurological Alterations.
The brain of the blue baby… NEUROLOGY MODULE Pediatrics II.
Brain Cancer By: Nicholas Cameron. What is Brain Cancer A brain tumour is made up of abnormal cells. The tumour can be either benign or malignant. Benign.
BRAIN TUMORS.
Brain Tumors David A. Sun, M.D., Ph.D. Neurosurgery.
Brain tumor.
Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas
Brain Tumours – what should I know?
Principles and Practice of Radiation Therapy
Neurological Neoplasm FOM, KFMC
BRAIN METASTASES.
Intracranial Infections in Neurosurgical Practice
Cerebral Oedema Classification: Vasogenic Oedema Cytotoxic Oedema
ALTERATIONS IN THE CENTRAL/PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
CNS tumors Dr. Waleed Dabbas.
Presentation transcript:

Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing Neurology Module: Brain Tumour. Radiotherapy

Brain Tumour: Description A brain tumour is a localised space- occupying lesion increasing pressure within the cranium: (ICP) It may be: A defined spherical mass Widespread infiltration of cerebral tissue BenignMalignant Primary or metastatic

BrainTumour: Aetiology Unknown aetiology Genetic pre-disposition Environmental pollution: Radiation (Chernobyl nuclear disaster) Electric Pylons have been implicated

Brain Tumour: Classification/ Morphology Intracerebral gliomas (malignant: 45% of all brain tumours) Tumours of specific structures(15%: usually benign) Developmental tumours (20-30%: benign) Metastases (10%: malignant)

Brain Tumour: Intracerebral Glioma Malignant and infiltrates neural tissue therefore difficult to remove: Astrocytoma (grade I, II) Glioblastoma multiforme (Astrocytoma grade III, IV) OligodendrocytomaEpendymomaMedulloblastoma

Brain Tumour: Tumours of Specific Structures Usually benign Meningioma (meninges) Neuroma (nerves): accoustic neuroma, auditory nerve Adenoma (glands): pituitary adenoma

Brain Tumour: Developmental Tumours Benign remnants/ anomalies of embryonic development: Angiomas (blood vessels) DermoidEpidermoidTeromaCraniopharyngioma

Brain Tumour: Metastases Always malignant Seeded from a primary malignant tumour in another part of the body Treatment (radiotherapy, maybe also with chemotherapy) is palliative, to relieve pain or symptoms associated with ↑ ICP

Brain Tumour: Clinical Manifestations Space-occupying lesion (↑ ICP). Leads to: Headache especially early morning, worse with coughing or straining Projectile vomiting (without nausea) Diploplia, visual disturbance, papilloedema

Brain Tumour: Localised Clinical Manifestations Sensory/ motor impairment: Motor cortex tumour: seizures (Jacksonian epilepsy) Cerebellar: ataxia, dizziness, nystagmus Frontal: Personality disorder, depression

Brain Tumour: Diagnosis Patient history and clinical picture Papilloedema: (cerebral oedema) seen in the fundus of the eye by ophthalmoscope CT scan MRI Electro-encephalogram (EEG) locates region affected Lumbar Puncture/ CSF for cytology

Brain Tumour: Medical Management Surgery *Radiotherapy: the corner-stone of treatment: pre/post-surgery or if inoperable. Reduces tumour size Chemotherapy may complement radiotherapy, including intra-thecal doses

Brain Tumour: Surgery Craniotomy to remove tumour if possible. While astrocytoma cannot be completely removed, surgery will:- ↓ Intra-cranial pressure (ICP) ↓ tumour size for radiation/ chemotherapy Trans-sphenoidal excision: (pituitary adenoma) Gamma knife: radio-surgery (precise “brain-mapping” and multiple beams)

Brain Tumour: Nursing Considerations Emotional/psychological support of the patient and family Ensure awareness of aspects of safety Orientation to time, place, person ICU: head elevated post-surgery Neurological assessment (Glasgow Coma Scale): motor function, sensation, speech Watch for signs of ↑ ICP; also disordered fluid balance (if posterior pituitary affected)

Medications Dexamethasone (reduces cerebral oedema) Epanutin (anti-convulsive) Post-craniotomy, additional drugs are: AnalgesiaAntibiotics Mannitol as a diuretic to reduce oedema

Notes on Radiotherapy Usually daily session for several weeks Advise to keep the marked area dry Advise about effect on bone marrow function (regular blood count) Patient will experience fatigue/ must rest Should see physician if extreme fatigue, any infection, bruising Reasonable isolation at home