Stress and Depression Common Causes Common Signs and Symptoms Coping Strategies Caring & Treatment Tips

What Is Stress? Stress is the way your body relates to life ’ s pressures. Stress is the way your body relates to life ’ s pressures.

What Are Some Common Sources of Stress? Situations in the home Situations in the home –Parents ’ separation or divorce, –A new stepparent, –A new brother or sister, –A single parent household, –Little or no emotional support, –Neglect (personal needs not met), –Abuse (physical or sexual)…

What Are Some Common Sources of Stress? Situations in life: Situations in life: –Death of a loved one or friend, –Moving to a new town or new school, –Illness or hospitalization, –Violence in the neighborhood, community, world, –Natural disasters or other emergencies…

What Are Some Common Sources of Stress? Situations at school: Situations at school: –Problems with friends, –Gangs, threats from others, bullies, –Competition, –Popularity, –Homework, grades, pressures to excel, –No support for school work…

Reactions to Stress Reactions to stress can be Reactions to stress can be –Short term –Long term –Extreme and life threatening Reactions to stress can affect a person’s Reactions to stress can affect a person’s –Physical health –Emotional health –Thinking –Social activity

What Are Some Common Symptoms of Stress? Mental: Mental: –Difficulty communicating or listening, –Lack of concentration, – Memory problems, –Difficulty making decisions, –Disorientation and confusion, –Loss of objectivity…

What Are Some Common Symptoms of Stress? Feelings Feelings –Frequent crying, show of emotions, –Hyper-vigilance or excessive worry, –Irritability, outbursts of anger, frequent arguments, –Depression, –Apathy, –Denial, –Anxiety or fear, –Guilt, –Grief…

What Are Some Common Symptoms of Stress? Physical Changes Physical Changes –Short-term physical reactions: –Oxygen  Extra oxygen reaches the brain because the bronchioles dilate –Endorphins –Adrenaline  Extra blood reaches the organs because the heart rate increases

What Are Some Common Symptoms of Stress? Physical Symptoms Physical Symptoms –Effects on the Body: Long Term Damage to the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems, Damage to the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems, People develop patterns of response, People develop patterns of response, These responses may indicate need for corrective action to limit their impact. These responses may indicate need for corrective action to limit their impact.

What Are Some Common Symptoms of Stress? Change in behavior Change in behavior –Increase or decrease in activity level, –Substance use or abuse (alcohol or drugs), –Decline in school performance, absenteeism, –Avoidance of activities or places (isolation), –Becoming accident prone, –Inability to rest or relax, –Blaming, –Difficulty in giving or accepting support or help, –Inability to experience pleasure or have fun…

What Is Depression? Depression is a common and serious medical condition characterized by extreme sadness and loss of pleasure in life. Depression is a common and serious medical condition characterized by extreme sadness and loss of pleasure in life.

What Is Depression? –Depression can lead to suicide. –Depression can happen in anyone ’ s life. Any race Any race Any social standing Any social standing Any age – 1 in 8 adolescents have some symptoms Any age – 1 in 8 adolescents have some symptoms

What Causes Depression? Precise causes are not known. Precise causes are not known. –Biological - genetic factors –Psycho - social factors Ex: continued distress from any of the previously identified “ stressors ”, Ex: continued distress from any of the previously identified “ stressors ”, Ex: distorted, negative thinking patterns… Ex: distorted, negative thinking patterns…

Contributing Factors for Depression in adolescents: Stressors such as fear of not meeting expectations of parents, teachers, others… Stressors such as fear of not meeting expectations of parents, teachers, others… When things go wrong at school or at home teens may feel unsure of abilities or question how they fit in… When things go wrong at school or at home teens may feel unsure of abilities or question how they fit in… Facing choices about friendship, sex, alcohol, and drugs… Facing choices about friendship, sex, alcohol, and drugs… Facing conflicting messages from parents, teachers, friends and society… Facing conflicting messages from parents, teachers, friends and society…

Danger Signs in Depressed adolescents When students…… Experience a humiliating or anxiety provoking situation, Experience a humiliating or anxiety provoking situation, Show more than five major signs of depression for over two weeks (see student handout: Signs of Depression), Show more than five major signs of depression for over two weeks (see student handout: Signs of Depression), Demonstrate or verbalize suicidal thoughts, Demonstrate or verbalize suicidal thoughts, Increase risk-taking behavior, Increase risk-taking behavior, Show signs of personality changes, Show signs of personality changes, Seriously neglect self-care… Seriously neglect self-care…

Stress and Depression Continued stress can lead to depression. Continued stress can lead to depression. Continued depression can lead to suicide. Continued depression can lead to suicide. Managing stress can prevent or reduce depression and suicide. Managing stress can prevent or reduce depression and suicide. It is important to manage both stress and depression. It is important to manage both stress and depression.

Stress & Depression: Comparing Physical Symptoms Stress Stress –Gastrointestinal problems –Headaches, other aches and pains –Chronic fatigue or sleep disturbances –Weight loss or gain –Sweating or chills –Tremors or muscle twitching –Being easily startled –Immune system disorders –Visual disturbances Depression Depression –Stomachaches –Headaches –Sleeping problems –Weight changes –Appetite changes –Lack of energy –Joint or backaches

Stress & Depression: Comparing Thoughts Stress Stress –Lack of concentration –Memory problems –Difficulty making decisions –Disorientation and confusion –Loss of objectivity Depression Depression –Difficulty concentrating –Difficulty making decisions –Problems completing school work –Problems maintaining grades

Stress & Depression: Comparing Feelings Stress Stress –Depression –Apathy –Denial –Anxiety or fear –Guilt –Grief Depression Depression –Sadness –Lack of enjoyment of everyday pleasures –Hopelessness –Worthlessness –Emptiness –Guilt

Stress & Depression: Comparing Actions Stress Stress –Isolation –Blaming –Difficulty in giving or accepting support or help –Inability to experience pleasure or have fun Depression Depression –Restless –Not wanting to go to school – cutting classes –Wanting to be alone –Difficulty getting along –Dropping out of sports, hobbies, activities –Drinking, drug use

Coping Strategies Coping with Stress Coping with Stress –There are many resources for stress management. –Be aware of signs and symptoms of stress: Take practical action to reduce the stress as soon as possible. Take practical action to reduce the stress as soon as possible. –Identify ways to manage / reduce source of symptoms: Ex: relaxation and meditation techniques to help with physical symptoms of stress, Ex: relaxation and meditation techniques to help with physical symptoms of stress, Ex: discuss your thoughts and feelings with a responsible adult… Ex: discuss your thoughts and feelings with a responsible adult…

Coping Strategies Coping with Depression Coping with Depression –Recognize the signs of depression. –Remember that depression is not a sign of weakness nor is it something you can “ snap out of ”. –Depression is a serious condition that needs medical attention. –Depression can be successfully treated and the emotional pain can be relieved.

Caring and Treatment Tips Stress – Stress – –Offer to listen, –Suggest a responsible person / resource to go to for help, Depression – Depression – –Offer to listen - show concern, –Trust your instincts - alert an adult to your concern about a depressed person.

Extreme Stress Chronic or traumatic stress is potentially very destructive and can deprive [youth] of physical and mental health. Chronic or traumatic stress is potentially very destructive and can deprive [youth] of physical and mental health. If stress is extreme and not managed, some individuals may experience post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). If stress is extreme and not managed, some individuals may experience post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of life- threatening events. PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of life- threatening events.