eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA SQL Overview Introduction to SQL for the MultiValue Developer

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Why are we here? Many MultiValue developers now are working with the various relational databases We want to look at common commands and data structures for SQL databases We want to see how they relate to the MultiValue

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA eris Database to Web integration since 1992 Customers with up to $2 Billion in annual revenue Clients throughout North America Education, Medical, Manufacturing, EDI, Distribution, Sales Force Automation, Help Desk, and Reporting Systems e-Commerce and database product development, e.g., WebWizard, DataReady, mv://e-Store Los Angeles and Chicago offices

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Agenda About eris SQL Overview –Basics –Reporting –Database maintenance

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA What is SQL? Standard Query Language Used to communicate with the database –Get data –Maintain data –Create data

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Standard SQL? Not really Similar related languages (think Latin) –You need to understand the dialect –Be able to compare what yours has vs others Hmm…Think MultiValue

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Basic parts of SQL Data Definition Language (DDL) Database Manipulation Language (DML) Database Control Language (DCL) Database Stored Procedure Language (DSPL)

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Data Definition Language (DDL) Defines the database environment Varies most among the various SQL flavors Covers –Database –Design Structures –Related System Tables –Metadata Schemas Catalogs Stored Procedures Other structural elements

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Database Manipulation Language (DML) Reasonably standardized. We'll look at DML later on Problems arise not in what they offer but what they might not have –Types of joins –Sub-queries

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Database Control Language (DCL) How to maintain and configure the database Permission, roles, and referential integrity –Grant –Check –Constraint –Primary Key –Foreign Key Fairly dissimilar among the various flavors

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Database Stored Procedure Language (DSPL) All the previous variations compound when you get to this section Triggers Event handler Stored procedures Can barely compare –Oracle's PL/SQL –SQL Server's Transact SQL –DB2's Stored Procedures

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Reporting – Which SQL? Microsoft SQL Server mySQL Oracle DB2 SQLite SQLAnywhere MultiValue, such as in uniVerse/UniData

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA What does a table look like? citystatehighlow Las VegasNevada11590 PasadenaCalifornia8857 PasadenaTexas9281 Santa MonicaCalifornia7767 Weather

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Lingo Row –Record Column –Attribute / Field

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA How do I list? Select select high, low from Weather where city like “%Pasa%”; select * from Weather where city = “California”;

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Selecting Data “select” is comparable to “LIST” Syntax: select column1 [,column2,etc or * for all] from tablename [where condition] ; Compare with –LIST "tablename" "column1" "column2" WITH "condition"

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Roster database firstlastidagecity EricEdwards210117San Diego JohnJohnson180117Pasadena SamJoliet131417Pasadena MaryJones134216Altadena EricTaylor241216Pasadena JosephTyler144217Pasadena JaniceWilliams144616Pasadena

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Sample queries select first, last, city from roster; select last, city, age from roster where age > 30; select first, last, city, state from roster where first like 'J%'; select * from roster; select first, last, from roster where last like '%s'; select first, last, age from roster where last like '%on%'; select * from roster where first = 'Eric';

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Sample operators in Joins, Where and Having And, Or, Not –itemWidth > 11 and itemHeight < 14 –not (region = "E" or sales < quota) Is Null, Is Not Null –Nulls occur when no data value has been entered into a field. Different from MultiValue Between –a shorthand way to refer to a range –totalSales between 1500 and 1800

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA More operators In, Not In - allows table lookups –vehicleType in ("sedan", "roadster", "2-door") –sportPlayed not in ("tennis","squash", "badminton", "raquetball") Like –one of the most powerful for searches within a text or varchar field –Think “…” or “[“ and “]” in MultiValue –Supports text search patterns which work like but not identically the same in syntax as regular expressions from Unix and XML

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Like, Even More Operators "%" is any length (think "*" in DOS) "_" is a single character (think "?" in DOS) [] lists valid characters at the point: [mp]a[nt] can be map, mat, pan, pat [0-9] means a numeric character [^] lists excluded characters

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Inner Joins This is what makes SQL "relational“ It joins tables Similar to translates in MultiValue Syntax: select list-of-columns from tablename1,tablename2 where search-condition(s) ;

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Imagine an Inner Join customers table –customer_id –firstname –lastname –address –city –state –zip sales table –sale_id –cust_id –date –Item –price select customers.firstname, customers.lastname, sales.item from customers, sales where customers.customer_id = sales.cust_id;

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA No need for a new dictionary element The columns have the table name in front A period separates the table name from the column name –This is opional but is very recommended. It is required if the name column names are the same between the two tables.

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Alternate Syntax select customers.firstname, customers.lastname, sales.item from customers, sales where customers.customer_id = sales.cust_id; select customers.firstname, customers.lastname, sales.item from customers inner join sales on customers.customer_id = sales.cust_id;

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Database Maintenance Creating tables Adding records Editing records Deleting records

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Creating tables Analogous to CREATE-FILE / CREATE.FILE Syntax: create table tablename (column1 datatype, …) ; Table and Column names –must start with a letter –can be followed by letters, numbers, or underscores –not to exceed a total of 30 characters in length –Do not use any SQL reserved keywords

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Common Data types char(size)Fixed-length character string. Size is specified in parenthesis. Max 255 bytes. varchar(size)Variable-length character string. Max size is specified in parenthesis. number(size)Number value with a max number of column digits specified in parenthesis. dateDate value number(size,d)Number value with a maximum number of digits of "size" total, with a maximum number of "d" digits to the right of the decimal.

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Add records - Insert Syntax: insert into tablename (first_column,...,last_column) values (‘first_value’,...,’last_value’); Strings need single-quotes! Example: insert into customers (first, last, age, address, city, state) values ('Joe', 'Johnson', 21, '199 Los Robles', 'Pasadena', 'California');

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Updating Records - Update and where Syntax: update tablename set first_column = new_value [,next_column = newvalue2 …] where condition [and|or condition2 …];

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Examples update phone_book set area_code = 323 where prefix = 213; update phone_book set prefix=555, suffix=9292 where last_name = 'Jones' and first_name = 'John' ; update employee set age = age+1 where first_name='Mary' and last_name='Williams';

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Deleting records Syntax: delete from tablename where condition [and|or condition2 …]; Warning! if you leave off the where clause, all records will be deleted!

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Bottom Line SQL has the very same intent, functionality, and general purpose across database vendors - users have had to get used to working in dialects. SQL interoperability is a problem. It provides the Rosetta Stone of a standard, common syntax for data interchange not just between relational databases; but also structured data in general.

eagle rock information systems 199 So Los Robles, Suite 860, Pasadena, CA USA Contact us Main Office:199 S. Los Robles Ave, Suite 860 Pasadena, CA Tel: (626) Fax: (626) eriscorp.com