Flora of North America North of Mexico Jay A. Raveill University of Central Missouri Jay A. Raveill University of Central Missouri

‘Single Author’ period John Torrey and Asa Gray –A Flora of North America – –Vascular plants –2 volumes –Not completed John Torrey and Asa Gray –A Flora of North America – –Vascular plants –2 volumes –Not completed huh.harvard.edu

‘Single Author’ period Asa Gray ( ) –Synoptical Flora of North America –Vascular plants –2 volumes – (Watson, Robinson) –Not completed Asa Gray ( ) –Synoptical Flora of North America –Vascular plants –2 volumes – (Watson, Robinson) –Not completed

Collaborative projects Nathaniel Lord Britton (NY) –North American Flora –Initiated 1905 –Vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi, algae –Planned 34 volumes –Sections published as available Nathaniel Lord Britton (NY) –North American Flora –Initiated 1905 –Vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi, algae –Planned 34 volumes –Sections published as available

North American Flora Ended in 1949 Published 94 sections Parts of 24 volumes 3 volumes completed Ended in 1949 Published 94 sections Parts of 24 volumes 3 volumes completed

North American Flora Series 2 Started 1954 Treatments published as available Numbered as received Geographical area more flexible 13 parts Last in 1990 Series 2 Started 1954 Treatments published as available Numbered as received Geographical area more flexible 13 parts Last in 1990

Flora North America American Society of Plant Taxonomists established committee Stanwyn Shetler (US) Computer use for data Project ended in 1973 due to lack of funding American Society of Plant Taxonomists established committee Stanwyn Shetler (US) Computer use for data Project ended in 1973 due to lack of funding

Flora of North America North of Mexico Initial meeting botanists from Canada and USA Missouri Botanical Garden –Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation –Carnegie Museum Initial meeting botanists from Canada and USA Missouri Botanical Garden –Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation –Carnegie Museum

Vascular plantsVascular plants USA, Canada, Greenland, St. Pierre and MiquelonUSA, Canada, Greenland, St. Pierre and Miquelon

Run by FNA Editorial Committee Original FNA Editorial Committee

Housed at Missouri Botanical Garden Funded by participating institutions, American Society of Plant Taxonomist, Canadian Botanical Association ‘Contributors Guide’ Applied for grants Housed at Missouri Botanical Garden Funded by participating institutions, American Society of Plant Taxonomist, Canadian Botanical Association ‘Contributors Guide’ Applied for grants

1987 external funding Pew Charitable Trusts National Science Foundation 1987 external funding Pew Charitable Trusts National Science Foundation

1990 bryophytes added to project

Publication! –1993 Volume 1 – Vegetation, classifications, etc. Volume 2 – Ferns and gymnosperms Publication! –1993 Volume 1 – Vegetation, classifications, etc. Volume 2 – Ferns and gymnosperms

Important Features Descriptions Limited synonymy Keys for all recognized taxa Parallel descriptions Extensive bibliography Descriptions Limited synonymy Keys for all recognized taxa Parallel descriptions Extensive bibliography

Distributional information

Volumes Originally planned for 12 volumes Now 30 volumes –1 general essays,1 combined bibliography –3 bryophytes –5 monocots –20 dicots Cronquist system Originally planned for 12 volumes Now 30 volumes –1 general essays,1 combined bibliography –3 bryophytes –5 monocots –20 dicots Cronquist system

Databases –Additional morphology –Type specimens –Habitats –Precise location of collection sites –Populations –Communities Consumed most original funding Databases –Additional morphology –Type specimens –Habitats –Precise location of collection sites –Populations –Communities Consumed most original funding

1997 – Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae NSF funding ran out 1997 – Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae NSF funding ran out

Missouri Botanical Garden continued housing Reorganization of structure (2003) Some evolution ongoing More efficient Many working in parallel Missouri Botanical Garden continued housing Reorganization of structure (2003) Some evolution ongoing More efficient Many working in parallel

New funding Some from NSF Chanticleer Foundation Other private groups New funding Some from NSF Chanticleer Foundation Other private groups

Funding National Science Foundation, Chanticleer Foundation The Pew Charitable Trusts, The Caleb C. and Julia W. Dula Foundation, The Surdna Foundation, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, ARCO Foundation, The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Union Pacific, Chevron, The Edward Chase Garvey Memorial Foundation, Waste Management, Inc., The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation

FNA organization Board of Directors – governing body Executive Committee – operations VP for Business and Development – fundraising Board of Directors – governing body Executive Committee – operations VP for Business and Development – fundraising

Volume Production Taxon Editor Tech Editor Lead Editor Editorial Director Managin g Editor Artist Manuscript Flow OUP Lead Editorial Center MBG Bib. & Tax. Editors

Volume Production Author Taxon Editor Tech Editor Lead Editor Editorial Director Managing Editor Artist Manuscript Flow OUP Regional Coordinator Regional Reviewer Lead Editorial Center MBG Taxon Reviewer Bib. & Tax. Editors

Authors Experts when possible Many assigned in 1990s; taxon/lead editors reconfirm assignments and find replacements if needed for orphan genera –retirements –deaths Priorities often not the same as those of FNA; deadlines sometimes meaningless Uniformity necessary Experts when possible Many assigned in 1990s; taxon/lead editors reconfirm assignments and find replacements if needed for orphan genera –retirements –deaths Priorities often not the same as those of FNA; deadlines sometimes meaningless Uniformity necessary

Microgrant Program Formally established in 2004 Grants facilitate writing of treatments – not research grants $100s-$1000s May be used for travel, supplies, etc. Formally established in 2004 Grants facilitate writing of treatments – not research grants $100s-$1000s May be used for travel, supplies, etc.

Volume Production Author Taxon Editor Tech Editor Lead Editor Editorial Director Managing Editor Artist Manuscript Flow OUP Regional Coordinator Regional Reviewer Lead Editorial Center MBG Taxon Reviewer Bib. Editor

Taxon Editors Locate authors Facilitate submissions Receive manuscripts Preliminary checks Forwards to Technical Editor Receives regional/taxonomic reviews Locate authors Facilitate submissions Receive manuscripts Preliminary checks Forwards to Technical Editor Receives regional/taxonomic reviews

Volume Production Author Taxon Editor Tech Editor Lead Editor Editorial Director Managing Editor Artist Manuscript Flow OUP Regional Coordinator Regional Reviewer Lead Editorial Center MBG Taxon Reviewer Bib. Editor

Technical Editor Formatting Enforces rules –Parallelism Paid Sends manuscript to regional Regional Coordinators and Nomenclatural Editor Formatting Enforces rules –Parallelism Paid Sends manuscript to regional Regional Coordinators and Nomenclatural Editor

Volume Production Author Taxon Editor Tech Editor Lead Editor Editorial Director Managing Editor Artist Manuscript Flow OUP Regional Coordinator Regional Reviewer Lead Editorial Center MBG Taxon Reviewer Bib. Editor

Regional Review 12 regions for regional reviews Regional Coordinators distribute manuscripts; compile review comments 80+ regional reviewers have opportunity to comment on draft treatments 12 regions for regional reviews Regional Coordinators distribute manuscripts; compile review comments 80+ regional reviewers have opportunity to comment on draft treatments

Volume Production Author Taxon Editor Tech Editor Lead Editor Editorial Director Managing Editor Artist Manuscript Flow OUP Regional Coordinator Regional Reviewer Lead Editorial Center MBG Taxon Reviewer Bib. Editor

Artists Ca. 10 artists employed by project; all artwork original 1 in 6 species illustrated; 1 representative of each genus 35 – 40% of project funding for art Art extremely popular; many reuse requests from organizations Artist/author communication improving Ca. 10 artists employed by project; all artwork original 1 in 6 species illustrated; 1 representative of each genus 35 – 40% of project funding for art Art extremely popular; many reuse requests from organizations Artist/author communication improving

Volume Production Author Taxon Editor Tech Editor Lead Editor Editorial Director Managing Editor Artist Manuscript Flow OUP Regional Coordinator Regional Reviewer Lead Editorial Center MBG Taxon Reviewer Bib. Editor

Editorial Centers Centers coordinate production of 1 volume at a time (except MBG) Core personnel: 1 lead editor, 1 technical editor, and support staff Volume production ca. 2.5 years Lead editors orchestrate production with input from MBG Number of taxon editors assigned to each volume varies according to families in volume Centers coordinate production of 1 volume at a time (except MBG) Core personnel: 1 lead editor, 1 technical editor, and support staff Volume production ca. 2.5 years Lead editors orchestrate production with input from MBG Number of taxon editors assigned to each volume varies according to families in volume

FNAA Editorial Centers Mulitple editorial centers –Hunt Institute of Botanical Documentation (CM) –University of Kansas (KANU) –Missouri Botanical Garden (MO) –Missouri Botanical Garden Bryophyte Center –Université de Montréal (MT) –California Academy of Sciences (CAS) –Illinois Natural History Survey (ILLS) Mulitple editorial centers –Hunt Institute of Botanical Documentation (CM) –University of Kansas (KANU) –Missouri Botanical Garden (MO) –Missouri Botanical Garden Bryophyte Center –Université de Montréal (MT) –California Academy of Sciences (CAS) –Illinois Natural History Survey (ILLS)

Volume Production Author Taxon Editor Tech Editor Lead Editor Editorial Director Managing Editor Artist Manuscript Flow OUP Regional Coordinator Regional Reviewer Lead Editorial Center MBG Taxon Reviewer Bib. Editor

Final Production Missouri Botanical Garden –Paid people –Maps –Incorporate art plates –Indexing –Formatting –Send to Oxford University Press for printing Missouri Botanical Garden –Paid people –Maps –Incorporate art plates –Indexing –Formatting –Send to Oxford University Press for printing

Production Schedule Volume 8 Volume families / 129 genera / 765 species J-MA-JJ-SO-DJ-MA-JJ-SO-DJ-MA-JJ-S Status Check Meetings * * * * * Manuscript Preparation Submission Benchmarks (%) Submission Benchmarks (%) Taxon & Tech Edits/Reviews Art Indexing and Styles Map Production Author & Final Reviews Composition (23 start points)

Published Volumes YearTopic/Taxa – Introduction; 2 – Pteridophytes & Gymnosperms – Magnoliidae & Hamamelidae – Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part) & Zingiberidae – Commelinidae (in part), Cyperaceae; 26 – Liliidae – Caryophyllidae I; 25 – Commelinidae, Poaceae II – Caryophyllidae II , 20, 21 – Asteraceae I, II & III – Commelinidae, Poaceae I; 27 – Bryophytes I

2006 some Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II changes incorporated

Published VolumesYearTopic/Taxa – 19 families, e.g. Ericaceae, Saxifragaceae, Crassulaceae – 11 families, e.g. Brassicaceae and Salicaceae Ca. 850 people have contributed to first 16 volumes

Statistics Vol.Spp. numberPagesYear 1na , Total FNA

Available on-line – –

Next Volumes

In production YearVol.TaxonCenterGen% 20109RosaceaeCan Malvales/Cu curbitales Hunt Fabales/Myr tales MO Bryophytes 2 MO- Bryo

Centers Vol.CenterYearGen.% 12Illinois Canada Hunt MO MO? Kansas Calif. Acad B-MO Hunt & MO2012NA

After 2013 Live approach to eFNA IT committee considering mechanisms for updating and maintaining Flora into the future –revisions –recircumscriptions –atlas component –better access to content –interactive tools Live approach to eFNA IT committee considering mechanisms for updating and maintaining Flora into the future –revisions –recircumscriptions –atlas component –better access to content –interactive tools

Volumes 10 & families Fabaceae Onagraceae Lythraceae Polygalaceae 13 families Fabaceae Onagraceae Lythraceae Polygalaceae missouriplants.com

Fabaceae Taxon editors –Michael Vincent, Miami (Ohio) University –Jay Raveill, University of Central Missouri Taxon editors –Michael Vincent, Miami (Ohio) University –Jay Raveill, University of Central Missouri

Fabaceae Received (end of May) –64% of genera –78% of species Extensive editing and reviews still to do Large genera a challenge to keep descriptions parallel Received (end of May) –64% of genera –78% of species Extensive editing and reviews still to do Large genera a challenge to keep descriptions parallel

Fabaceae Order and circumscription of genera following Legumes of the World (mostly) –28 tribes –149 genera –1443 species –60+ author Order and circumscription of genera following Legumes of the World (mostly) –28 tribes –149 genera –1443 species –60+ author

Fabaceae Caesalpinoides 18 genera 96 species Caesalpinoides 18 genera 96 species Cercis canadense

Fabaceae MimosoidesMimosoides 22 genera22 genera 108 species108 species Desmanthus illinoensis bioimages

Fabaceae Papilionoids 109 genera 1249 species Papilionoids 109 genera 1249 species duke.edu

Astragalus 354 species354 species Loco weeds, milkvetchLoco weeds, milkvetch Missouriplants.com conps.com blog.ltc.arizona.edu calphotos.berkeley.edu

uvalde.tamu.edu lh5.ggpht.com tchester.org

Lupinus 154 species154 species

Trifolium CloverClover 95 species95 species

Dalea 58 species58 species missouriplants.org

Desmodium 46 species46 species missouriplants.org

Lathyrus 41 species