Mode of Communication

Communication is generally carried out in two different modes: 1-verbal communication: uses the spoken or written words. 2-nonverbal communication: uses other forms, such as gestures or facial expressions and touch.

Although both kinds of communication occur concurrently, the majority of communication is nonverbal. Learning about nonverbal communication is important for nurse in developing communication patterns and relationships with clients.

Another form of communication has evolved with technology: 3- electronic communication- like , where the person can send a message by computer to another person or group. Nurses need to know when it is and when it is not appropriate to use for communication with clients.

Verbal communication Largely conscious, because people choose the words they use. The words used vary among individuals according to culture, socioeconomic background, age and education.

Nurses need to consider the following when choosing words to say or write: 1.Pace & intonation: The manner of speech, as in the rate or rhythm and tone, will modify the feeling and impact of the message. Example, speaking slowly and softly to an excited client may help calm the client. Verbal communication

2.Simplicity: Includes the use of commonly understood words. Nurses need to learn to select appropriate, understandable and simple terms based on the age, knowledge, culture and education of the client. 3.Clarity & brevity: clarity is saying precisely what is meant. And brevity is using the fewest words necessary; the result is a message that is simple and clear.

4.Timing & relevance: nurses need to be aware of both relevance and timing when communication with clients. No matter how clearly and simply words are, the timing needs to be appropriate to ensure that words are heard.

5.Adaptability what the nurse says and how it is said must be individualized and carefully considered example : Smiles. appears cheerful. greets.

6.Credibility: Mean : worthiness of belief but I will find someone who do, trust worthiness and reliability. -Nurses foster credibility by being consistent, dependable, and honest.

7.Humor The use of humor can be a positive and powerful tool in the nurse – client relationship. Can be usd to help client adjust to difficult and painful situations. The effect of humor can be emotional and physical release.

Non verbal communication  Non verbal communication ; sometimes called body language includes gestures body movements use of touch & physical appearance as adornment.  Non verbal communication often tells others more about what a person is feeling than what is actually being sadi, because non verbal communication behavior is controlled less consciously than verbal behavior.  Non verbal either reinforces or contradicts what is said verbally.

For example, if a nurse says to a client “I ’d be happy …. to sit here & talk to you for a while “get glances nervously at a watch every few second the action contradict the verbal message. The client is more likely to believe the non verbal behavior which conveys “ I am very busy & need to leave” Observing & interpreting the client’s non verbal behavior is a essential skill for nurses to develop

1. Personal appearance Clothing & adornments can be sources of information about a person. Although choice of apparel is highly personal It may convey social &financial status, culture, religion, group association & self concept.

How a person dresses is often an indicator of how the person feels. Someone who is tired or ill may not have the energy to maintain their normal grooming becomes careless about appearance.The nurse my suspect a loss of self esteem or a physical illness. The nurse must validate these observed non verbal data by asking the client.

2. Posture & gait The ways people walk & carry themselves are often indicators of self -concept,current mood & health. Erect posture & an active, purposeful stride suggest a feeling of well being. Slouched posture & slow, shuffling gait suggest depression or physical discomfort. Tense posture & a rapid, determined gait suggest anxiety or anger.

3. Facial Expression No part of the body is as expressive as the face. Feeling of surprise, fear, anger, disgust,happiness, and sadness can be conveyed by facial expression The face may express the person genuine emotion. When the message its not clear, its important to get feedback to be sure of the intents of expression. Many facial expression convey a universal meaning such as : the smile expresses happiness

Nurse need to be aware of there own expression. The client are quick to notice the nurses facial expression.

4. Gestures Hand and body gestures may emphasize the spoken word, or they may occur without words to indicate a particular feeling.

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