Chapter 10: Perspectives on Adolescent Development Chapter 11: Physical Development

 What are some of the major challenges of adolescence?  What are the major physical changes that accompany this stage?  What were some of your memorable experiences during this stage (good or bad)?

 Adolescence ◦ Transitional stage between childhood and adulthood. ◦ This period has been prolonged in modern society.  ________________________ ◦ Period at which person reaches sexual maturity. ◦ Pubescence is used to denote the whole period during which changes relative to sexual maturation are taking place. ◦ Includes biological, psychological, and social changes.

 Many cultures have unique ceremonies to celebrate transitions to adulthood. ◦ Quinceaneras, Bar-mitzvah, Sweet 16, Vine jumping, Piercing ceremonies, Clitoris removal. ◦ Apache Video Apache Video ◦ African Female Circumcision Video African Female Circumcision Video

 According to Erikson the chief psychosocial task of adolescence is ____________________________________________ ◦ Tasks include:  Sexual  Social  Physical  Moral  Vocational  Psychological

 Development of Identity ◦ Experimentation of various roles without assuming any one role. ◦ Length of adolescence and degree of conflict experienced by adolescents will vary by culture and society. ◦ Failure to establish identity during this time creates self doubt and role confusion. ◦ Links to alcoholism, delinquency, social withdrawal, and anxiety.

 Moratorium ◦ Exploration period  Foreclosure ◦ Refers to the individual who has undergone no or very little exploration. ◦ Person remains firmly committed to childhood based values.  ____________________________ ◦ No commitment to any definite direction in their lives. ◦ Least developmentally advanced of the statuses.  Achievement ◦ _________________________________________________ __________________________________________

1) Accepting ones physique and using the body effectively. 2) Achieving emotional independence from _______________________________. 3) Achieving a masculine or feminine social sex role. 4) Achieving new and more mature relations with peers of both sexes. 5) Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior. 6) Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system as a guide to behavior. 7) Preparing for an ______________________. 8) Preparing for marriage and family life.

 The adjustment of minority groups to the culture of the dominant group.  Class discussion ◦ How many students were raised in a home with different cultural expectations? ◦ How did the values of the cultures differ? ◦ How did you navigate these differences? ◦ How did these differences affect your relationships with your parents and peers? ◦ How will you deal with this issue when you have children?

 The Endocrine Gland ◦ A gland that secretes hormones into the blood stream. ◦ Three glands to know  Pituitary  Adrenal  Gonads

 Known as the master gland  Produces hormones that regulate growth ◦ Gonadotropic hormones (GnRH)  Influence gonad functioning.  _________________________ ____________________  Luteinizing hormone(LH) ◦ ________________________ ________________  Affects overall growth and shaping of the skeleton.

 Ovaries ◦ Secrete estrogens  Stimulate development of:  Sexual organs  Female secondary sexual characteristics such as growth of pubic hair, breasts, and distribution of fat. ◦ Progesterone  Produced when egg is released  Prepares uterus for pregnancy and for maintaining pregnancy.  Commonly found in birth control pills.

 Testes ◦ Under the stimulation of LH from the pituitary, the testes in the male begin the production of testosterone.  Responsible for development of male sex organs.  Penis  Scrotum  Prostate gland  Also responsible for secondary male sexual characteristics.  Muscularity  Voice change  Face and body hair

 Menarche- onset of menstruation  Average age years ◦ Ranges have been noted from 9-18 years ◦ Average age in 1905 __________________________  Usually does not occur until maximum growth rates in height and weight have been achieved.  Varies in length from days with 28 as an average cycle.  Time of ovulation about 14 days before the onset of the next menstrual period.

 A growth spurt in height begins in early adolescence, accompanied by an increase in weight and body proportion. ◦ Girls start to physically mature earlier and stop growing earlier. ◦ ___________________________________________.

 _______________________ ◦ Life threatening emotional disorder characterize by an obsession of being slender.  Excessive loss of body weight(15% below optimal level)  Excessive weight loss measures(excessive exercise, caloric restriction, use of laxatives/diuretics, purging)  Life Threatening  VIDEO on Anorexia VIDEO on Anorexia

 ____________________ ◦ Characterize by compulsive and rapid consumption of large quantities of high calorie food followed by efforts to eliminate the food.  Binge purge cycle  Normal body appearance  Can cause digestive damage.