AIM: What is difference between between coal, petroleum and natural gas. DN: What is coal? How is it formed? HW: Article Due Friday

Where does all the energy on earth come from? The sun Energy from sun is converted to chemical energy in plants (photosynthesis). When you eat, the energy from the plant is converted to heat, mechanical and chemical energy for life processes

Remember…… energy cannot be created or destroyed- it can be converted from one form to another

Fuel Any substance from which energy can be obtained EX: Food Oil Gas petroleum

Electricity Not common in nature Except for lightning How is electricity produced? Fuel is burned to boil water, producing steam. Steam exerts pressure on turbines, turning them The mechanical energy of the turbines generates electricity Not very efficient because some of the energy is converted to heat, light or sound

Energy needs over time Energy needs have increased over time Modern industrial society uses 50% more energy per person than did hunter-gatherers Factories for products (clothes furniture, building) to accommodate growing population Machines were used instead of people Manufacturing the machines and using the machines required large amounts of fuel

Fossil Fuels Fuels from the remains of organisms that lived long ago Organic Coal, petroleum, natural gas

Coal Mostly the result of sedimentation Solid Swamps, plants At each stage, more hydrogen and oxygen is lost leaving the carbon more concentrated More carbon=more energy when burned

Stages of coal formation peat- not true coal, low carbon, low energy Lignite- first true form of coal, 40% carbon, Bituminous- 85% carbon, most abundant in the US Anthracite- 95% carbon- very hard Sometimes called metamorphic rock

Coal and oil formation

Petroleum liquid- oil Remains of microscopic organisms that lived in shallow seas Sedimentation Trapped under nonporous rocks like shale Gasoline, heat homes, lubricants

Natural Gas Gas- formed in the same way as petroleum Methane- primary component Heating, stoves, water heaters More energy efficient than electric appliances- does not have to be converted to electricity first Waste of petroleum drilling- wasteful because it can also be used as a fuel Propane, methane, ethane

Hydrocarbons Organic fuel (once part of a living organism) Trees, bones, plants Contain only carbon and hydrogen Methane CH4 Ethane C2H6 Octane C8H18 The biological activities that occur within the cells of organisms give rise to different hydrocarbon shapes

What role did machines play in the worlds changing energy needs? What is the most common type of coal in the United States? How does anthracite coal form? Explain why peat is not considered a fossil fuel. Why is natural gas as a fuel for cooking more efficient than using electricity? Compare and contrast the formation of petroleum and the formation of coal.