Introduction to R&P Company and the TEOM® Series 1400a Continuous PM Monitor Tim Morphy Rupprecht & Patashnick Co., Inc. 25 Corporate Circle Albany, NY 12203 USA tmorphy@rpco.com www.rpco.com 518-452-0065 ph

Ambient Air Monitoring Products

TEOM® Mass Transducer (1) Tapered element oscillates at its natural frequency (simple harmonic oscillator). Particulate matter collects on filter continuously. Frequency decreases with accumulation of mass. Direct relationship between mass and frequency change: Tapered element physical characteristics (material, configuration, housing) chosen so mass sensor calibration constant (K0) has insignificant response to temperature. (For example, the change in K0 for a TEOM monitor operating at 30 °C and 50 °C is less than 1%.) Tapered Element

TEOM® Mass Transducer (2) Equation describing tapered element is derived from physical law. Not an approximation. Approach similar to laboratory microbalance in that mass detected by sensor is result of measurement of change in fundamental physical parameter (e.g., frequency, strain, displacement) Tapered element typically kept in constant elevated temperature (user-selectable) environment to Minimize water interference from both sample air- moisture content and particle-associated water Provide high stability for real-time measurement Tapered Element

R&P Commercial Products Using The TEOM® Mass Sensor TEOM® Series 1105 Diesel Particulate Monitor TEOM® Series 4100/4200 Combustion Efficiency Monitor TEOM® Series 1400 Ambient PM Monitor TEOM® Series 7000 Source PM Monitor TEOM® Series 1500 Pulse Mass Analyzer

TEOM® Series 1400a Ambient Continuous Particulate Monitor Direct, continuous technique for true filter-based mass measurement Superior time and mass resolution and precision (hourly precision: ±1.5 µg/m³) Accepted standard for particulate monitoring worldwide (regulatory, research, remediation, special studies) USEPA Equivalent Method EQPM1090-079 for PM10, CAC for PM2.5 Australian Standard, JIS (Japan), Taiwan, German TUV USEPA Fine Methods Study, ETV Over 4000 instruments deployed worldwide in major air quality networks

TEOM® Sensor Unit Three independent temperature control zones Amplifier board maintains tapered element oscillation TEOM filter is Teflon®-coated glass, 12 mm Æ 10 m cable set to control unit Pivoting mass transducer allows easy filter exchange Sensor Unit with Door Open

Filter Exchange Insertion Removal

Quality Assurance/ Quality Control Mass calibration check by first principles Mass Calibration Verification Kit (NIST traceable) Leak check procedure Straight-forward, quick and easy using supplied flow audit adapter Sensor checks StreamlineTM Pro MultiCal for field temperature, pressure, and flow audits and calibrations (NIST traceable) TEOM monitor is only filter-based continuous PM monitor that provides NIST-traceable mass and flow measurement methods

Mass Calibration Verification Kit Available in 1-filter (standard) and 5-filter versions

TEOM Leak Check Remove sample inlet, and attach flow audit adapter To TEOM Control Unit To TEOM Sensor Unit

StreamlineTM Pro MultiCal System Audit / Calibration StreamlineTM Pro MultiCal System Simultaneous NIST-Traceable, Linear Measurement of: Flow Rate (0.8 to 19 l/min) Ambient Temperature Ambient Pressure Filter Temperature (optional) Menu-Driven interface, Data Logging (Internal and/or Optional PC-based) Optional External Temperature Probe for Filter Temperature Audits/Calibrations

Goals for PM Quantification Continuous PM Monitoring in Air Quality Networks Match time-integrated reference (FRM) technique Provide representative short-term data in combination with meteorological data to determine source of PM episodes, AQI reporting, mapping, and for abatement strategy development Minimize cross-interference by humidity, thermodynamic conditions, chemical composition Measurement methods that are NIST-traceable

Status of TEOM® Monitor Major air monitoring networks France, United Kingdom, Canada, United States (PM10 and PM2.5), Mainland China, Hong Kong, Australia, Santiago, Mexico City, Madrid, Stockholm, Brussels, Vancouver Worldwide market share approximately 40-50% of all PM continuous monitors. Data availability often greater than 95% (UK AURN: 97+ %). Approximately 75% of continuous monitors in US regulatory monitoring network Continuing scientific advancement of PM measurements using TEOM technology

History of Continuous PM Monitoring at R&P TEOM Series 1200 Ambient Particulate Monitor TEOM Series 1400a Ambient Particulate Monitor TEOM Series 1400a Ambient Particulate Monitor operated at 30 °C for wintertime measurements of lighter volatiles

History (cont.) TEOM Series 1400a Ambient Particulate Monitor with Sample Equilibration System (SES) operated at 30 °C year-around (even at higher ambient temperature and relative humidity) Differential TEOM Monitor to provide an exacting measurement of the ambient PM mass in the atmosphere Filter Dynamics Measurement System (Series 8500 FDMS) to measure the combined volatile and non-volatile components of PM

Differential TEOM Monitor Filter-based True NIST traceable mass measurement No calibration uncertainty No measurement uncertainty from volatile loss No measurement uncertainty from filter artifacts (gas adsorption/desorption, etc.) Real time

FDMS Schematic Derivative of Differential TEOM Monitor Quantifies combined volatile and non-volatile components of PM mass concentration Incorporates TEOM mass sensor technology and specially-configured Nafion dryer Provides determination of volatile mass using self-referencing gas conditioning scheme

FDMS Field Data Claremont, CA, Test Site, 2-3 Nov 2001

Comparison with Reference Method PM2.5 Series 8500 FDMS System Source: California Air Resources Board

Applications of Continuous PM Monitors Provide continuous daily integrated “FRM”-like measurements Provide representative one-hour PM measurements for public reporting (air quality index, mapping, forecasting) and health effects studies Reduce labor and other costs associated with manual sampling methodologies

Where Does This Lead? Challenge: identify continuous PM monitoring method that provides “FRM”-like integrated results that can be used for regulatory purposes while providing meaningful, high-precision short-term (i.e., hourly) data Requires blending of regulatory and scientific needs

Forward Looking Statement R&P is committed to solving PM measurement issues to enable continuous monitoring in areas containing particulate nitrate and volatile organic compounds Instrumentation is based on first principles to provide calibration based on scientific considerations (not empirically-derived calibration factors) for universal measurement consistency from site to site

Company Competencies Responsive, customer-oriented philosophy Meeting the needs of clients, technical support staff ISO 9001 certified, CE/ETL marks Consistency of internal procedures Innovative design capabilities Scientists, mechanical & electrical engineers, designers In touch with scientific directions Scientific meetings, contact with opinion leaders

Technical Support Distributor/representative network R&P Regional Company Representatives Customer area of WWW site http://www.rpco.com/customer (password protected) Technical documentation Operating & service manuals, quick start guides, tech notes R&P service department (support@rpco.com) Product specialists, on-site and in-house training

Company Overview Over 100 employees, including strong in-house design, engineering capabilities, technical application support First in industry with ISO 9001 certification Manufacture both manual samplers (such as Partisol) and continuous on-line monitors for ambient, stack, diesel and research applications Committed to superior product performance by design, and industry-leading service and support *

Company Milestones Contract with NASA for development of space-based mass measurement system Introduction of TEOM® monitor for ambient air quality measurements in late 1980’s Partisol manual samplers used in USEPA national sampling network for PM2.5 Introduction of advanced PM speciation sampling and continuous monitoring systems

R&P Website (www.rpco.com)

R&P Website (www.rpco.com)

R&P Website (www.rpco.com)

R&P Website (www.rpco.com)

R&P Contact Information Michael B. Meyer – Director, Marketing & Technical Services / Senior Scientist - mbmeyer@rpco.com Tim Morphy – Product Manager (Startup Training Coordinator) - tmorphy@rpco.com Debbie Bowe – Service Department Manager - dbowe@rpco.com (support@rpco.com) Cynthia Liu – Product Manager (Chemical Speciation Samplers) - cliu@rpco.com Ed Burgher – Product Manager (Stationary Source) - eburgher@rpco.com Bob Anderson – Product Manager (Mobile Source) - randerson@rpco.com