Decolonization in Southeast Asia
Cambodia
Cambodia--Independence French colony Occupied by Japan from King Sihanouk declared it independent after WWII and France granted it in 1953
Important People Pol Pot: Leader of the Khmer Rouge King of Cambodia today
Cambodia—Post-Independence Problems 1. Vietnam War destabilized the country ▫Tried to stay neutral ▫1970-King overthrown in a coup led by General Nol, who was supported by the US 2. Cambodian Genocide ▫King allied with (Communist )Khmer Rouge rebels to fight against Nol, causing civil war ▫Khmer Rouge eventually took power in 1975 ▫Their leader was Pol Pot
Cambodian Genocide Renamed Democratic Kampuchea Pol Pot instituted a radical transformation of Cambodian society Tried to destroy all urban and civilized life Emptied the cities, killed all the educated people, and everyone worked in agriculture 1.5 million people died (out of 7 million) Vietnam overthrew Khmer Rouge in 1979 & fighting raged throughout the 1980s
Cambodia—Post-Independence Successes Peace achieved and today it is again a constitutional monarchy 2. Still trying to rebuild from devastation caused by the Khmer Rouge
Indonesia
Indonesia--Independence Dutch colony Occupied by Japan from Indonesians fought Dutch for 4 years and won independence in 1949 First president was Sukarno
Important People Sukarno General Suharto
Indonesia—Post-Independence Problems 1. Sukarno-authoritarian leader who pushed country close to bankruptcy 2. General Suharto took power in 1965—also authoritarian and corrupt 3. Terrorism and ethnic violence are also problems in some areas
Indonesia—Post-Independence Successes 1. Suharto resigned in 1998 which strengthened democratic elements 2. Under Suharto the economy revived and Indonesia experienced substantial economic growth.
Malaysia
Malaysia--Independence British colony Occupied by Japan Malayan Communist Party launched guerilla attacks against the British to force them to leave Federation of Malaya became independent in 1957
Malaysia—Post-Independence Problems 1. Conflict with Indonesia over the formation of Malaysia Singapore left the Federation of Malaya 3. Anti-gov’t rallies demanding electoral reform
Malaysia—Post-Independence Successes Between 1980s and 90s Malaysia experienced significant economic growth Focused on manufacturing & industry in electronics and computers Built a number of mega-projects to showcase their increasing wealth
Kuala Lumpur International Airport Bakun Hydroelectric Dam
Vietnam
Vietnam—Independence French colony Occupied by Japanese Communist Ho Chi Minh led the Vietminh in guerilla attacks against the French 1954 Vietnam temporarily divided Elections were never held to reunite the country because US intervention prevented a Communist victory US pulled out in 1973 & Vietnam was reunited in 1976
Important People Ho Chi Minh
Vietnam—Post-Independence Problems 1. Lengthy Vietnam War and US use of napalm and defoliants devastated the environment 2. Economy was crippled 3. Communist gov’t collectivized farms and factories so reconstruction was slow 4. Brief war with China in 1979
Vietnam—Post-Independence Successes Vietnam implemented free-market reforms which resulted in rapid economic growth