Poetry is the breath and finer spirit of all knowledge - William Wordsworth Poetry Lecture English 9/9H Ms. Baio

Imagery The use of language to evoke a picture or a concrete sensation of a person, thing, place, or experience. “Painting” a picture with words Appeals to all senses

Examples of Imagery Visual (sight) Auditory (sound) Olfactory (smell) the clouds were low and hairy...like locks blown forward in the gleam of eyes. Auditory (sound) the roar of trees, the crack of branches Olfactory (smell) musk from hidden grapevine springs

Examples of Imagery cont’d Gustatory (taste) the walking boots that taste of Atlantic and Pacific salt Tactile (touch) the bed linens might just as well be ice and the clothes snow Organic (natural feelings like hunger, pain) My instep arch not only keeps the ache, It keeps the pressure of a ladder round

Irony In general, it is the difference between the way something appears and what is actually true. “Water, water everywhere/ Nor any drop to drink”

Allusion A reference to something or someone that is well known from history, literature, religion, politics, sports, science, etc. “If the first woman ever made was strong enough…” Allusion to Eve "Notice Neptune, though, Taming a sea-horse...“ Allusion to Poseidon

Hyperbole A figure of speech that uses incredible exaggeration, or overstatement, for effect I’m so hungry I could eat a horse Exaggerates the degree of hunger Here once the embattled farmers stood and fired the shot heard round the world. Exaggerates the sound of the bullet Also an allusion! Can anyone guess to what???

Apostrophe Poem Poem which is directly addressed to a person or thing (often absent). Wordsworth's sonnet Milton, in which he addresses Milton “Milton! thou shouldst be living at this hour”

Personification A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thought, or attitudes. “She lolls on her deep couch. And a long thigh lifts from the flash of her silks” Personifies a river! “I am silver and exact/ I have no preconceptions” Personifies a mirror

Simile & Metaphor Simile Metaphor A figure of speech that makes a direct comparison to two unlike things using like or as “My love is like a red, red rose” Metaphor A figure of speech that makes a direct comparison to two unlike things without using like or as “All the world's a stage / And all the men and women merely players / They have their exits and their entrances”

Alliteration The repetition of the same or similar consonant sound in words that are close together. “kingdom of daylight's dauphin, dapple-dawn-drawn Falcon” the stuttering rifles' rapid rattle'

Assonance The repetition of the same or similar vowel sound in words that are close together. Used when rhyming doesn’t work “Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies” “Down some profound dull tunnel, long since scooped”

Onomatopeia The use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning Boom! Smash! Pow! Ssshh! Can you think of one???

Rhyme End rhyme Internal rhyme Words at the end of each line rhyme Now my days are lonely And night-time drives me wild In my heart I’m crying I’m just Miss Blue’s child Internal rhyme Words within a single line rhyme The splendor falls on castle walls The long light shakes from across the lakes

Cadence The natural rhythm of speech - as opposed to the rhythm of meter. Less “stiff” than typical poetry

Free Verse Free Verse Blank Verse Verse without formal meter or rhyme patterns. Free verse, instead, relies upon cadence Blank Verse Verse that does not employ a rhyme scheme, but does follow a formal meter

So…what do you know????? The sneaky, slippery snake Crash! ALLITERATION! Crash! ONOMOTOPEIA! the grating roar of pebbles IMAGERY! "He has a brain the size of a pea." HYPERBOLE

So…what do you know????? Education is a life raft METAPHOR! The shovel whispering on the ground PERSONIFICATION AND IMAGERY! The natural rhythm of your voice CADENCE! She is as big as a house! HYPERBOLE