Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Building 111 Mike Holda Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (510) or (209) , or

LLNL Building 111 Originally designed as the Experimental Physics Building Built in 1966 Seven stories, 107,000 square feet Now used as administrative offices & research support space

LLNL Building 111 Original HVAC and Lighting Equipment Two 225 ton Carrier electric chillers –1.0 + kW/ton efficiency, CFC-11 refrigerant Two gas-fired hot water boilers for heating Two constant volume air handling systems –For east wing, south wing & interior –Bypassed VAV air handlers and VFD motors Fluorescent light fixtures with T-12 lamps

LLNL Building 111 Project Scenario 23-year-old inefficient chillers in need of overhaul –using CFC refrigerants, 1.0+ kW/ton Poor air quality and building comfort –Air system was out of balance –Economizers stuck open High temperature hot water reheat system with supply temperature reset (didn’t work) Less efficient T-12 lamps –Lighting levels unnecessarily high in hallways –Substantial unoccupied time with lights left on

LLNL Building 111 Project Challenges Fragmented funding for projects –In-House Energy Management funding for measures with simple paybacks of < 10 years Work presented here was actually done in Three separate projects –Chiller replacements –Lighting retrofits –HVAC System Improvements

LLNL Building 111 System Solutions (2) Chillers replaced –(2) new 200 ton chillers, one chiller redundant New VAV’s & VFD’s added to air system with zone level control –250 zones –Economizer controls New T-8 lighting, occupancy sensors, LED exit signs

LLNL Building 111 Chiller Replacement Done in 1994 New McQuay centrifugal chillers 0.65 kW/ton R-134a 200 tons Expected to save 151,400 kWh per year

LLNL Building 111 Air System Improvements Done in 1996 Converted fixed balancing dampers –To variable/automatic actuating dampers –Used exist pneumatic controls –Could not afford new VAV boxes –Air flow controlled in each zone –Variable volume terminal boxes hooked up to existing zone heater thermostats New VFD to control fan motors on east, west, south & interior system Economizer controls

LLNL Building 111 Lighting Improvements Done in 1995 Delamped fixtures –Overlit building, especially in corridors –Reduced number of lamps per fixture from 3 to 2, or 6 to 3, or 8 to 4 Replaced existing T-12 lighting –New T-8 fluorescents, electronic ballasts LED fixtures replaced incandescent and fluorescent exit signs Occupancy sensors used to turn off lights in offices, corridors, etc.

LLNL Building 111 Electrical Energy Savings

LLNL Building 111 Integrated Economics Measures with lower paybacks reduce the overall project payback period

LLNL Building 111 Financing Structure In-House Energy Management Funds from US DOE used for: –Chiller Replacements –Lighting retrofits –HVAC System improvements Appropriations from US DOE, no financing charges

LLNL Building 111 Project Timeline

LLNL Building 111 Project Results Saved over $73,000 annually on utility bills –~40% of total bill New chillers without CFC’s – use R-134a, an HFC Improved air quality & comfort Increased efficiency of HVAC System

LLNL Building 111 Lessons Learned Projects not planned & executed together Reduced cooling load not accounted for in new chiller sizing Incremental funding with lots of paperwork and hassles Super-ESPC’s developed to address these problems