Anatomy & Physiology: The Eye

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Presentation transcript:

Anatomy & Physiology: The Eye

Accessory structures of the eye Orbital Cavity Ethmoid Bones Optic Foramen Supra-orbital Foramen Fat pads Frontal Sphenoid Zygomatic Lacrimal Palatine Maxilla

A. Accessory structures of the eye Eyebrow Eyelids Conjunctiva

A. Accessory structures of the eye Lacrimal Apparatus Lacrimal gland Lacrimal secretion Nasolacrimal duct

Accessory structures of the eye Extrinsic Eye Muscles Superior rectus Inferior rectus Lateral rectus Medial rectus Inferior oblique Superior oblique

Structure of the Eye 1. Fibrous Tunic - Sclera & Cornea 2. Vascular Tunic – Choroid, Ciliary body, Lens, Iris, Aqueous humor 3. Nervous (Sensory) Tunic – Retina, Macula lutea, Optic Disc, Vitreous humor

1. Fibrous Tunic Sclera Cornea

2. Vascular Tunic Aqueous Humor Choroid

2. Vascular Tunic Iris Pupil Lens Suspensory Ligament Ciliary Body

3. Nervous Tunic Retina Macula Lutea Vitreous Humor Vitreous Humor Optic Disc

Retina Light Optic Disc Optic Nerve

Retina Rods Cones

Retina: Rods vs. Cones Cones Green, Red, Blue Rods Black & White Bright light Mostly in macula lutea Rods Black & White Dim Light All over retina

Vision Physiology 1. Refraction & Lenses Refraction – bending of light Lenses Concave Focal point R Convex R Real Image

Vision Physiology 2. Visual focusing Emmetropic Vision – normal vision & requires no accommodation of the lens (20 ft.)

C. Vision Physiology 3. Refraction problems Myopia – nearsightedness. Eyeball too long. Hyperopia – farsightedness. Eyeball too short Astigmatism – unequal curvature of lens Presbyopia – farsightedness due to age. Lens cannot accommodate. About 45 years.

Snellen Eye Chart Astigmatism Chart

Emmetropic eye Myopic eye Hyperopic eye

Myopic eye Hyperopic eye

Stereoscopic Vision and Depth Perception

D. Disorders of the Eye Cataracts – hardening & clouding of the lens. Glaucoma – buildup of aqueous humor. Color blindness – sex-linked hereditary condition that results in the absence of one or more types of cones. a. Monochromates – Black & white b. Dichromates – blue/yellow or red/green

Color Blind Test

Color Blind Test

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