DETRITIATIONinROMANIA INCDTCI ICSI Rm. Valcea November 2009

Canada Ontario Hydro AECL/CRL Kinectrics Korea Fusion Wolsung TRF Japan Fusion EUROPEAN UNION FZK, Germany CEA, France ICIT, IFIN HH, Romania ITER JET EU – Fusion R&D USA Military Fusion Russia Military Fusion TRITIUM MAP China Fusion

Experimental Pilot Plant for Tritium and Deuterium Separation (ICSI - TRF) Cernavoda Tritium Removal Facility (CTRF) Water Detritiation System for ITER (WDS) Detritiation in Romania

ICSI TRF research & training CTRF Tritium Removal Facilities in Romania WDS Commercial Research & commercial?

ICSI TRF/ CTRF P IEC CD Tritiated Feed Water Tritium Depleted Water D 2 Tritium Analysis System MONITORING AND SAFETY SYSTEMS Links between experimental modules for Tritium and Deuterium Separation Pilot Plant Tritium Storage System HR CD 1 Boiler O 2 Purifier Electrolyser H 2 O, HTO H 2, HTLPCE Column Heater Condenser Boiler H2OH2O O2O2 CD2 H2H2 HR – Helium refrigerator CD1, CD2 – Cryogenic distillation WDS at ITER WDS / ITER: LPCE ELECTROLYSES (PERMEATION) CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION TRF / ICSI, CTRF LPCE PURIFICATION CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION ICSI TRF – CTRF – ITER WDS CTRF – same technology as ICSI TRF

ICSI TRF

ICSI - TRF Technical specification maximum activity for tritium in heavy water: 30 Ci/kg detritiation factor of 3 maximum tritium inventory: 300,000 Ci inventory of heavy water: 2000 kg/year minimum D2O feed isotopic: 99.8 % water feed rate: 4-8 kg/h tritium inventory in CD: 200,000 Ci (60,000 Ci for commissioning) design service life: 30 years

ICSI TRF Design DTO Purification CD Storage D2OD2O LPCE D2D2 D2D2 DT or T 2 HEAVY WATER FROM CNE CERNAVODA MODERATOR Tritium experiments

Licensed for construction for 30g tritium Licensed for commissioning for low tritium level – initial start Tritium on site – 200 kg from CNE Cernavoda Work procedures and equipment upgrading for facility Tritium laboratory notification Environmental laboratory notification ICSI TRF Status

CERNAVODA TRF

CTRF It was proposed in 2004 to start the program for a TRF Basically as is it: a five phase project: –Phase I – Feasibility study – approved in 2007 –Phase II – Design of CTRF – starts in 2008 –Phase III – Procurement & Construction – since 2010 for long term delivery equipments –Phase IV – Commissioning/Training/Operating –Phase V – Decommissioning (with U2 decommissioning) Technology used – LPCE & CD – similar in Wolsung, Korea and ICIT, Romania Time to finish (estimated): 2013

CTRF Technical Specification CTRF will start at 54 Ci/kg Target: to reduce the tritium content to 10 Ci/kg in 2 years Detritiation factor 100 Upgrading possibility for heavy water - from minimum 99.7% to 99.95% To be used by U1 and possibility to serve also U2. No U3/U4 in actual design Design for 30 years life with possibility for refurbishment CTRF will have long term storage capacity for tritium

CTRF Basic Diagram

Location of CTRF

Differences to ICSI TRF Design of more than 95 CTRF systems (<25 in ICSI TRF) Issue of more than 45 basic design and licensing documents CTRF is connected to U1, but 8 new systems had to be implemented 5 CTRF licenses to be obtain from local & central authorities and regulatory body CNCAN

Initial, at beginning of contract, 3 licenses from CNCAN had to be obtained: location, safety and construction After discussions, a different approach was approved using the ICSI TRF experience – only 2 licenses from CNCAN Other licenses – initial approach Licensing

Initial design manual of CTRF – based on tritium experience List of code and standards applicable – based on ASME codes, Canadian standards, Romanian standards Safety Design Guides for CTRF – in revision CTRF system classification list - in revision Seismic qualification of CTRF systems - in revision List of safety systems and safety related systems - in revision Risk hazard for CTRF – in revision CU license (from local authorities) – approved in October 2008 after 3 month Environment initial documents PSAR content agreed with CNCAN Licensing documents issued up-today

75 % of all systems already designed (different revision) Main systems: –LPCE system – revision 2 –CD system – revision 2 –Interface systems (HWFS & HWPS) – revision 1/2 –HVAC, ADS, TGHSS, VTMS – revision 0 issued 3 systems at the beginning (TRS, DMS, AcDS) Some of support systems in final stage CTRF design phase status

Tritium Storage CD System B1 L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 LPCE System ADS HVAC Shaft Heating System TRS Tritiated water holding tank system Building

Technical project – November 2009 Final review of TP and issuing final form – December 2009 PSAR – First edition December 2009, final February 2010 License for construction/construct of CTRF – April/May 2010 Detailed design of CTRF – June 2010 Milestones for CTRF design

WDS ITER

ITER – an important subject to Romania and ICSI From Romania point of view, materials, water detritiation equipment and systems can be provided to ITER. Romanian experience can be used for Water Detritiation System, with tritium storage, recombining processes for hydrogen/deuterium/tritium, materials studies or design using professional software CATIA. Take in account large quantities of tritium from Cernavoda site, Romania can be the major player on European tritium market, having in view that Romania is a European Union member. Romanian companies can provide services and equipment to ITER ICSI is on the list of potential supplier for ITER and open to tender ITER - WDS

ICSI for ITER up today

ICSI starts in 2000 the work for WDS ICSI develop catalyst for LPCE columns in WDS, including endurance tests Development of components for WDS in CATIA V5 Training networks for young specialists –“Preparing the ITER Fuel Cycle” –“Tritium Technologies for the Fusion Fuel Cycle TRI- TOFFY” ICSI for ITER

Most of the items are related to WDS ICSI will participate in consortium for: –Development of method for highly tritiated water handling in ITER Tritium Plant. Phase 1 –Support for development of Water Detritiation Systems ICSI will send specialists in EU research centers to support fusion technologies research ICSI for ITER in next future

Romania developed technologies for tritium and will have a full experimental TRF in next future (by ICSI) ICSI has the technology for tritium removal facilities and therefore ICSI expertise can be used for ITER/CANDU units First industrial TRF in Europe will be on Cernavoda site From Romania point of view, the main source of tritium for ITER is CNE Cernavoda There is a different approach between ITER and CTRF (ex. site, code and standards, systems), but CTRF expertise can be used for ITER. CTRF will starts before WDS from ITER For tritium (both ITER and CTRF) a common effort and collaboration is necessary, more than today Conclusions