The role of the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) in a nuclear emergency Per Olov Nützmann Administrative Director Swedish Radiation Safety Authority

Collective responsibility for radiation protection and nuclear safety

Our tasks Regulatory Authority Supervisory Authority Licensing Authority Expertise in radiation and nuclear safety Emergency Preparedness and Response

About the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority Under the Ministry of the Environment DG Ann-Louise Eksborg Budget approx. 400 million SEK 275 employees Office in Solna

SSM:s emergency preparedness External Coordinate the national expert response organization for nuclear and radiological emergencies International cooperation Internal: SSM:s emergency organization Supervision over emergency preparedness at the NPP’s

Ordinance (2008:452), Instruction for the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) provide advice on radiation protection and sanitation after discharge of radioactive substances maintain and lead a national organization for expert support technical advice to the authorities responsible for managing the consequences of an accident Emergency Preparedness and Response – Legal framework

Ordinance (2003:789), Civil Protection Act Qualified advice on radiation measurements Coordinate and assist in radiation protection assessments for rescue service Ordinance (2006:942), Emergency Management and Heightened Alert Plan and carry out preparations for the prevention, counteraction and limitation of identified weaknesses and risk Undertake preparations that are necessary in the event of activated emergency preparedness or event Emergency Preparedness and Response – Legal framework

Government County administrations Civil Contingencies Agency Nat. Food Administration Board of Agriculture Board of Health and Welfare Customs Meteorological and Hydrological Institute National Police Board Coast Guard Rescue leader, police and medical personnel Sweden’s National Authorities and local organisations cooperate both in emergency preparedness and during a crisis: Operational capacity Coordinated national laboratory and field measurement resources Dispersion Exposure Dose SSM’s advice, strategy and information Threats Scenarios Risk Source SSM’s Role in Crisis Management

Radiation Protection Act, Instruction for SSM, Civil Protection Act etc. Provide fast and reliable information Provide qualified advice to decision makers SSM Emergency Response Org. Duties / Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies

Qualified advice to decision makers −Regarding radiological protective measures for the public, workers, agriculture, livestock, food industry and food regulations, waste disposal, etc. Provide public and media with information –Information service for media and public is established –The SSM website is utilised –SSM participates in radio and TV broadcasts –Press conferences are arranged – coordinated with other authorities SSM Emergency Response Org. Duties / Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies

Examples of questions to be analyzed before advice can be given  What is the technical condition at the power plant – what are the dynamics associated with how it will develop?  What is the source term?  When and at which height will it discharge, and what will be the temperature of the discharge?  What is the weather, wind, inversion level, outdoor temperature?  Stabile, instable, or which type of atmosphere?  How will the discharge disperse – what is the dispersion prognosis?  What will be the resulting doses and risks?

Coordinate national monitoring resources Provide fast and reliable information Provide balanced advice SSM Emergency Response Org. Duties / Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies Radiation Protection Act, Instruction for SSM, Civil Protection Act etc.

Coordinate national measurement resources – FOI air filter stations – SSM’s monitoring stations – Dose rate measurements in municipalities – SSM’s mobile measurements – The Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) airborne measurements – Field gamma spectrometry by contracted laboratories, – lab measurements of grass and milk samples etc. – Whole body measurements, dosimetry etc. Decisions based on measurement data SSM Emergency Response Org. Duties / Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies

Swedish Defence Research Agency in Umeå Swedish Radiation Safety Authority in Stockholm Responsible for coordinating the national expert organization Studsvik AB in Nyköping Linköping University University of Gothenburg Lund University Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala Swedish Metrological and Hydrological Institute in Norrköping Swedish Defence Research Agency in Stockholm Geological Survey of Sweden in Uppsala Lund Malmö Göteborg Umeå Uppsala Stockholm Nyköping Linköping Norrköping National expert response organization for nuclear and radiological emergencies Special resources

Coordinate national monitoring resources Provide fast and reliable information Provide balanced advice Honour international and bilateral agreements SSM Emergency Response Org. Duties / Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies Radiation Protection Act, Instruction for SSM, Civil Protection Act etc.

Honour Sweden’s International Obligations Nuclear Accidents Bilateral Agreements –Norway, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania IAEA-EMERCON Agreement –Most countries; military facilities not included –Trans boundary consequences or abnormal levels EU-ECURIE Agreement –Similar to IAEA-EMERCON. –No need for trans-boundary consequences SSM Emergency Response Org. Duties / Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies

Training and Exercises – the key to a working preparedness

Summary The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority is responsible for coordinating the activities (regarding safety and radiation protection) in Sweden if an accident occur involving radiation. Resources in alert 24 hours a day. In the event of an accident, a special emergency and crisis organization comes into operation. The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority provides qualified advice and information to a variety of actors including decision makers and the public. Early notification of emergencies is obtained from automatic alarm monitoring stations in Sweden and abroad and through international and bilateral agreements on early warning and information.