Chapter 5: Analytical frameworks

Important notes These slides are not a replacement for the text Please use these slides as a starting point for your own PowerPoint presentation based on your reading of the book, and your needs. They are not designed to be a definitive record of the book chapter Please do not cite from these slides. Please cite any text from the book as some text may have changed. The book is the definitive record. Printing the slides The background for the slides is taken from the book cover. To print without the background, Right click on the slide background Click format background > Hide background graphics Click Apply to All Print as Slides with the color/grayscale set to Pure Black and White Dont forget to switch the background graphics back on! This is a hidden slide

Defining criminal intelligence? ACPO criminal intelligence can be said to be the end product of a process often complex, sometimes physical, and always intellectual, derived from information that has been collated, analyzed and evaluated in order to prevent crime or secure the apprehension of offenders (ACPO 1975: para. 32) IALEIA information compiled, analyzed, and/or disseminated in an effort to anticipate, prevent, or monitor criminal activity (IALEIA 2004: 32)

Defining crime analysis? Rachel Boba The systematic study of crime and disorder problems as well as other police-related issues – including socio- demographic, spatial, and temporal factors – to assist the police in criminal apprehension, crime and disorder reduction, crime prevention, and evaluation (Boba 2005: 6) Massachusetts Association of Crime Analysts A discipline of public safety analysis, which provides information support for the missions of law enforcement or criminal justice agencies (web site)

Crime intelligence? An term to describe the integration of criminal intelligence analysis and crime analysis Why crime intelligence? Many analysts complete both criminal intelligence and crime analysis tasks on a daily basis The distinction is often redundant outside the US Increasingly, the two disciplines are seen as interdependent

Data, information and knowledge From collators to knowledge workers information + analysis = intelligence Good as an initial training tool, but Idealized concept that is not reflected in most analysts work

DIKI Continuum Data Data are the observations and measurements we can make about crime Information Information is data with greater relevance and purpose Knowledge Data and information with added context, meaning, a particular interpretation Intelligence Knowledge products can generate understanding, but intelligence products are supposed to generate action

DIKI Continuum Data Information Knowledge Intelligence

Levels of crime intelligence Tactical Support for front-line areas, investigations and other operational areas in taking case-specific action to achieve enforcement objectives Operational Supporting area commanders and regional operational commanders in planning crime reduction activity and deploying resources to achieve operational objectives Strategic Aiming to provide insight and understanding, and make a contribution to broad strategies, policies and resources Source: Ratcliffe, J.H. (2004) The Structure of Strategic Thinking, in Strategic Thinking in Criminal Intelligence (Sydney: Federation Press), pp. 4-5.

Crime intelligence within different agency types

NIM levels

The intelligence cycle Direction Collation Analysis Dissemination Feedback & review

Gills cybernetic model

Original NIM outline

NIM business model

3-i model Interpret Impact Influence