4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 1 By Jonathan V. L. Kiser For NAWTEC 11 Tampa, Florida April 30, 2003 Recycling & WTE: On-Going Compatibility Success

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 2 Presentation Overview Background Key Findings Survey Methodology Off-Site Recycling On-Site Recycling High Recycling Rates Compatibility Examples Case Studies Summary

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 3 Background 2002 nationwide investigation for IWSA Reexamined whether recycling and WTE compatible Serves as 10-year update of first IWSA compatibility research 1992 effort demonstrated recycling and WTE support one another in many ways

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 4 Key WTE – Recycling Survey Findings 100% of WTE plants linked to off-site recycling programs 82% of WTE facilities have on-site recycling (e.g., metals, ash reuse, other) 57% of WTE communities have higher recycling rates than the 28% national rate 100% of respondents surveyed provided evidence supporting WTE and recycling compatibility

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 5 Survey Methodology All waste-to-energy communities contacted via and telephone Questions asked: –Off-site & on-site recycling programs –Material types –Recovery rates –Compatibility examples –Case study details for 7 communities Respondents included: recycling coordinators, municipal officials and waste mgt. professionals

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 6 Off- Site Recycling Program Type All communities w/operating WTE linked to off- site recycling programs 91% have drop-off centers 83% have curbside collection 52% have materials recovery facility 36% have other programs (e.g., composting, HHW, Hg reduction, e-waste recycling, etc.) Combination of programs typical

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 7 Off- Site Recycling Program Type (cont.)

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 8 Off-Site Recycling Type Of Materials Metals - 95% of communities Plastics - 91% of communities Glass - 88% of communities Fiber (news, mixed paper, OCC) - 84% Other materials (batteries, used oil, computer parts, etc.) - 67% Combination typical

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 9 Off-Site Recycling Type Of Materials (cont.)

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 10 On-Site Recycling 77% of WTE plants recover ferrous metals >773,000 TPY of ferrous metals recovered 43% of WTE plants recover other recyclables (e.g., non-ferrous, plastics, glass, wg, ash) >853,000 TPY of other recyclables recovered. 82% of WTE recover 1.6 million tons of material for recycling

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 11 High Recycling Rates WTE communities, on average, have 33% recycling rate vs. 28% national rate 57% of WTE communities have higher recycling rates than the national rate Ten years ago, WTE communities had 21% avg. recycling rate vs. 17% national rate

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 12 High Recycling Rates (cont.)

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 13 Recycling- WTE Compatibility Respondents asked to rank compatibility on 1 to 5 scale (1 – not compatible; 3 - somewhat; 5 – very) 70% gave a ranking of 5 (very compatible) 13% gave a ranking of four 17% gave a ranking of three Average score among 64 participants was 4.54

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 14 Recycling- WTE Compatibility (cont.)

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 15 Recycling – WTE Compatibility Reasons 84% noted communities with both are self sufficient in terms of managing waste locally 67% said fewer O&M problems at WTE plants due to recycling diversion programs 50% noted when recycling markets not available, WTE provides an alternative 38% said WTE promotes recycling via subsidies and incentives (e.g., tip fee surcharge)

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 16 Recycling – WTE Compatibility Reasons (cont.)

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 17 Recycling - WTE Compatibility Examples Cleaner curbside recyclables stream if ferrous captured at the plant (W Palm Beach, FL; Biddeford, ME) Recycling & WTE work together to reduce landfilling (Hartford, CT; Honolulu, HW, Harrisonburg, VA) With greater local recycling, WTE can tap more commercial & spot markets - better rates, plant economics (Auburn, ME, Portland, ME) With aggressive local recycling, WTE can serve a larger community (Perham, MN; Marion County, OR)

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 18 Recycling - WTE Compatibility Examples (cont.) Recycling paper & plastics reduces MSW higher heat value, making WTE operations more efficient (Grand Rapids,MI) Resource Recovery a pure form of recycling since it converts waste into energy (Harrisburg, PA, Cleburne, TX) WTE ash can be reused and recycled, plus does not create methane or groundwater problems (Cleburne, TX, Tacoma, Wash)

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 19 Recycling – WTE Compatibility Case Studies Palm Beach County, Florida Springfield, Massachusetts Onondaga County, New York York, Pennsylvania Sumner County, Tennessee Fairfax County, Virginia Spokane, Washington

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 20 WTE Community Program Details Community WTE TPD Recycling Rate On-Site Recycle TPY Palm Beach, Co, FL2,00054%40,502 Springfield, MA36031%3,837 Onondaga Co, NY99066%10,042 York Co., PA1,34483%178,551 Sumner Co., TN20060%43,437 Fairfax Co., VA3,00034%25,082 Spokane, WA80041%10,227

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 21 WTE Community Compatibility Insights Community How CompatibleOther Insights Palm Beach Co, FLEnables self sufficiency Max. recycling of marketable materials Springfield, MAWTE improved removing nonburnables Contaminated recyclables burned for Btu Onondaga Co., NYEnables self sufficiency Max. recycling of marketable materials

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 22 WTE Community Compatibility Insights (cont.) Community How CompatibleOther Insights York Co., PAWTE tip fee subsidizes recycling program WTE saves 13 acres land, 35 feet deep each yr Sumner Co., TNWTE improved removing nonburnables Plant availability improved to >95% Fairfax Co., VAEnables self sufficiency Recycle rate quadrupled since 1988

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 23 WTE Community Compatibility Insights (cont.) Community How CompatibleOther Insights Spokane, WAWTE tip fee subsidizes recycling program Recycle rate up from 31% to 41% since 1991

4/30/03 Jonathan V.L. Kiser, NAWTEC XI 24 Recycling – WTE Survey Summary A decades worth of evidence continues to show that recycling and WTE are compatible. Real world examples prove WTE & recycling together play a critical role in solving community waste management problems.