1 Internet2 and NRENs in South East Asia James Williams Principal Investigator – NSF TransPAC2 Project Indiana University

2 Presentation Outline National and International Networks Today Internet2 and other US domestic networks TEIN2/3 APAN South Asia – Special Interest Group TransPAC2 and Pakistan Thoughts about Future Networking Directions Local Area Infrastructure Mobile Infrastructure Dynamic Circuit Infrastructure Conclusions

3 Internet2 Internet2 is a not-for-profit advanced networking consortium comprising more than 200 U.S. universities in cooperation with 70 leading corporations, 45 government agencies, laboratories and other institutions of higher learning. Internet2 has formed peer-level relationships with organizations outside the U.S. who have projects similar to Internet2 in scope and objectives. Internet2 currently partners with over 50 such international organizations and networks. The complete list of current international partnerships is available at:

4 Internet2 Network - Layer 1 Internet2 Network Optical Switching Node Level3 Regen Site Internet2 Redundant Drop/Add Site ESnet Drop/Add Site

5 Other US Domestic Networks NLR – NLR is a second national US R/E network with a different ownership model than Internet2. See: ESnet - ESnet, is a high-speed network serving thousands of Department of Energy researchers and collaborators in the US and worldwide. See: There are other purpose built networks in the US, for organizations such as NASA and DOD. One interesting web site is:

6 European Network Initiatives The European Commission, acting through DANTE supports a number of international initiatives. The one most directly relevant to this group is the TEIN2 (becoming TEIN3) initiative. TEIN2 (Trans-Eurasia Information Network) is the first large-scale research and education network for the Asia-Pacific. It connects ten countries in the region, and provides direct connectivity to Europes GÉANT2 network. See:

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8 Asia Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) APAN (Asia-Pacific Advanced Network ) is a non-profit international consortium established on 3 June APAN is designed to be a high-performance network for research and development on advanced next generation applications and services. APAN provides an advanced networking environment for the research and education community in the Asia-Pacific region, and promotes global collaboration. See:

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10 South Asia - SIG The Internet2 South Asia Special Interest Group (SA-SIG) provides a focus at Internet2 meetings for South Asia NRENs and other international and US parties to meet and discuss networking issues related to South Asia. See:

11 TransPAC2 and Pakistan The TransPAC2 Project is a part of the US-NSF funded IRNC program. TransPAC2 provides high-performance network connectivity between the US and China/Japan/Korea with extensions to Hong Kong and Singapore. Recently, in partnership with the EC TEIN2 Project and the Pakistan HEC, TransPAC2 completed a link to Singapore. See: See

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13 Indiana University Many of the networks mentioned previously (Internet2, NLR, TransPAC2) are managed from the same network operations center (NOC) at Indiana University. Visit the GlobalNOC web page and take a tour at:

14 Futures – Local Area Networks International bandwidth prices are decreasing (sometimes rapidly) Backbone bandwidths are increasing (sometimes by huge amounts). None of this helps a researcher in his/her lab!!! In too many countries (the US included) bandwidth to the desktop is treated as someone elses problem. Today effective research collaborations require end-to-end high-performance connectivity.

15 Futures – Mobile and Sensor Networks New technology users will be mobile users… If your country has an interesting geographically distributed feature, researchers will want to install wireless remote sensors to measure it…(climate change, earthquakes, lake ecology). Both these new networks raise issues of spectrum allocation and usage, management and support.

16 Futures – Dynamic Circuit Networks High performance applications and instruments which require or exchange massive amounts of data may require dedicated bandwidth. But, these applications/instruments may only be operational for a limited amount of time (a portion of a day; a few weeks). Easy to configure and activate dynamic circuits provide a cost effective solution to simply buying more bandwidth, which might be unused much of the time. Also, some applications (HD video, CD audio) are sensitive to variations in network latency. Dedicated circuits, configured as needed, make applications such as shared musical performances possible. But, there are complex engineering issues to be solved and security concerns to be addressed.

17 Conclusion Three questions: 1.If you are increasing bandwidth for your NREN national backbone, how will you extend that increased bandwidth to campuses and researchers who are the ultimate users? 2.How will your NREN manage the flood of mobile users wanting access to your resources (and bandwidth)? How will your NREN manage a widely-deployed sensor network? 3.How will your NREN manage the engineering and security aspects of a large dynamic circuit established between a researcher in your NREN and his/her research partner in the US?