CIS 2200 Kannan Mohan Department of CIS Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College

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3 Identify and describe the purpose of the different elements of the Internet

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Hypertext transfer protocol (http) - application transfer protocol that allows web browsers and web servers to communicate Domain name - represents an organization and a host refers to public services offered by that organization 5

Is a site hosted by a single computer? Load Balancing: Distributing a computing or networking workload across multiple systems in order to avoid congestion and slow performance Fault Tolerant: Systems that are capable of continuing operation even if a component fails Domains broken down into subdomains ( International URLs – second level classification scheme (co for commercial) Country code Top Level Domain (ccTLD) -.uk,.jp 6

Domain name registrar Accredited by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) Restrictions on some top-level domain names (.edu) First-come first-served Trading domain names Cybersquatting: Acquiring a domain name that refers to a firm, individual, product, or trademark; with the goal of exploiting it for financial gain 7

HTML – Hypertext Markup Language: Language used to create and format web pages Path and file names as part of web addresses Default file (index.html) Web hosting service: A firm that provides hardware and services to run websites of others 8

IP – Internet Protocol Domain name service Hierarchical system of nameservers that maps host-domain name combinations to IP addresses Internet directory service that allows devices and services to be named and discoverable Helps your browser locate the appropriate computers when entering an address like Exploding number of Internet connected devices (limited number of combinations for unique IP addresses) Shifting to a new IP scheme such as IPv6 increases the possible address space to a new theoretical limit of addresses 9

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The Internet Protocol Suite consists of: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP) TCP works at both ends of Internet communications to ensure perfect copies of messages are sent IP is a routing protocol in charge of forwarding packets on the Internet Routers are computing devices that connect networks and exchange data between them 11

12 - special computing devices that forward packets from one location to the next

Computers are connected to the Internet by: Copper cable, for short distances Fiber optic lines, for long distances Wireless TCP/IP is not dependent on transmission media Most Internet communications are carried out via a combination of transmission media 13

The Internet Backbone - fiber optic lines Amdahl’s law - a system’s speed is determined by its slowest component or the last mile High-speed last mile technologies - Broadband Internet Access Cable DSL Fiber Wireless (3G, 4G) Satellite 14

Wireless local area networking Range of a base station or hotspot IEEE standards Wireless security (WEP, WPA) 15

Principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally Internet firms - openness of the Internet Telecommunications firms - limit access to services that overtax their networks Demand for greater bandwidth 16

What is a URL? What are the different transmission media that are used? What is a protocol and what are the ones used by the Internet? What is net neutrality? 17