Internal Forces and Climate. I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years Erosion rate: 14 cm per 1000 years.

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Presentation transcript:

Internal Forces and Climate

I. Introduction

Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years Erosion rate: 14 cm per 1000 years

I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance

I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = ???

I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = 152 million years

I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = 152 million years

II. The endogenic effect A. Overview

II. The endogenic effect A. Overview “The difference between the two masses represent a balance in endogenic mechanics”

Archimede’s Principle: An object is immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

II. The endogenic effect B.Epeirogeny “uplift or depression on a regional scale, with minimal disruption of original rock structure” e.g.: isostacy

C. Orogeny and Tectonic Geomorphology

D. Volcanism

Two overlying controls: Silicon content of magma Temperature of magma

D. Volcanism 1. Lava Plains and Plateaus

D. Volcanism 1.Lava Plains and Plateaus 2. Shield Volcanoes

Shield volcanoes –Tall volcanoes –3 or 4 miles tall –Wide base – Diameter of ten of miles

Mauna Loa, HI

D. Volcanism 1.Lava Plains and Plateaus 2.Shield Volcanoes 3. Cindercone Volcanoes

Cinder cones –Short, narrow cone, –Steep sides –Violent eruptions

Lassen Volcanic National Park, CA

D. Volcanism 1.Lava Plains and Plateaus 2.Shield Volcanoes 3.Cindercone Volcanoes 4. Composite Volcanoes

Composite or stratovolcanoes – –Tall volcanoes – 1 to 2 miles high –Violent eruptions

Mayon Volcano, Phillippines

Mt. St. Helens, WA

III. Climatic Geomorphology A. Overview “Examine the relationship between landforms and climate”

CLIMATE-PROCESS SYSTEM

MORPHOGENETIC SYSTEM

III. Climatic Geomorphology A.Overview B.Geomorphic Response “response time”

III. Climatic Geomorphology A.Overview B.Geomorphic Response “response time”

Orbital Eccentricity 100,000 yr cycle Axial Tilt 41,000 yr cycle Precession of Equinoxes (wobble effect) 11,000 yr cycle Milankovitch Cycles