Unit 1 Seeds of Change Ch. 6 Sections 1 and 2: Ideas About Government Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Ideas Supplement: Geography/Maps

QoD - What is the Purpose of Government? Ancient Greeks: “To improve the lives of citizens” Government is necessary to the existence of a civilized society DEFINITION “The political direction and control exercised over the members of society”

European Government Through the 1700’s Monarchies most powerful ◦(Autocratic Rule) Great divide between the “haves” and “have-nots” Very little chance for people to change this What does science have to do with this change?

Scientific Revolution A new way of looking at the natural world, based on observation and a willingness to QUESTION accepted beliefs THE CHURCH ◦Loses much power ◦WHY???

Scientific Method A new, logical approach to collecting and analyzing data 1. Question 2.Hypothesis 3. Test 4.Analysis Heliocentric vs Geocentric Theories Geocentric Heliocentric

Identify the Scientific Method

As a result of the Scientific Revolution, People begin to question….. EVERYTHING! Even Their Governments!! Changes today!!! HW – Respond to Prompt Identify two changes you would make to our government today that you believe would be beneficial to the greatest number of people. Explain your changes and your rationale

QoD - WOULD YOU RATHER… Have your civil rights and freedoms OR Have Security and Protection? Can your government EFFECTIVELY provide both? “Those that desire to give up freedom in order to gain security will not have, nor do they deserve, either one.” Benjamin Franklin

Differing Views of Government: The “Philosophes” Differing Views of Government: The “Philosophes” Political thinkers who developed their own ideas about the purpose of government Aristotle Niccolo Machiavelli Thomas Hobbes John Locke Rene Descartes Voltaire Baron Montesquieu Jean-Jacques Rousseau Mary Wollstonecraft James Madison

The Age of Reason Philosophers apply reason and scientific approach to all other areas of life “Enlightened Thinkers” ◦The Philosophes ◦Enlightened Despots ◦The Enlightenment J.J. Rousseau

The Philosophes Analysis and Chart Quick bio – Born, Died, education, etc Famous work of literature Philosophic Ideas Beliefs about Government A Quote that summarizes ideas Ideas today ◦U.S. Constitution? Declaration of Independence? ◦U.S. Society/Beliefs ◦Other countries?

Aristotle Politics ◦Politics is an organism, NOT a machine Gives people the opportunity for a good life Community is most important Man is governed by Natural Laws ◦Ethics and morality “Man is by nature a political animal, it is his nature to live in a state”

Nicolo Machiavelli The Prince About leaders (“Princes”) he saw in his travels A “guidebook” for rulers ◦Shrewd Manipulative ◦Selfish Princes are NOT concerned with what is morally right, but in maintaining their own power “The ends justify the means”

Thomas Hobbes Leviathan People are born evil and selfish, so…. People need a strong gov’t (Monarch) People give up rights for protection by the government Social Contract THEORY

John Locke Two Treatises on Gov’t People are born w/ Three Natural Rights ◦Life ◦Liberty ◦Property Government should protect these rights IF NOT, the people may overthrow the government

Rene Descartes Discourse on the Method Based his ideas on Science People must change their old ideas Doubt everything until proven “I think, therefore I am”

Voltaire Candide ◦Realistic portrayal Attacked the Catholic Church Freedom of: ◦Religion ◦Expression Separation of Church and State “I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”

Baron Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws Checks and balances Separation of powers “Power should be a check to power”

Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Social Contract Agreed w/ Locke People should govern themselves, but most governments prohibit it “Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains”

Mary Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the Rights of Woman Equal rights for women – better education needed A society based on reason and logic “Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience.” Side note: ◦Daughter is Mary Shelley (Frankenstein)

James Madison Bill of Rights U.S. Constitution Father of the Constitution Representative government Designed the Federal System “Liberty may be endangered by the abuse of liberty, but also by the abuse of power”

Enlightenment Ideas Liberty Equality Natural Rights Logic and reason There is Revolution on people’s minds ◦A CHANGE is gonna come No monarchy is safe

“The Prince” and Machiavelli If you were a “Prince”, would you rather be feared or loved? ◦Consider  Your president  Your boss  Your teacher  Your coach  Your parents

Feared or Loved Debate XTRA CREDIT Develop your argument ◦4 supporting ideas ◦4 examples 1 intro speaker 1 speaker for each support/example Q & A 1 conclusion

Map Quiz 1. France 2. Poland 3. Vietnam 4. Cuba 5. Pakistan 6. Israel 7. Congo (DRC) 8. North Korea 9. Colombia 10. Afghanistan 11. Argentina 12. Berlin 13. Washington DC 14. Hiroshima 15. Kigali 16. Suez Canal 17. Battle of El Alamein 18. Deng’s Four Modernizations 19. The Boer Wars 20. The Salt March XTRA CREDIT (2 parts) CB South AND THE YEAR IT OPENS ITS DOORS TO STUDENTS

QoD - What is the Purpose of Government? Preamble to the U.S. Constitution “We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” In your words – 5 purposes of government that are discussed in the Preamble