Chapter 17

Today Reading Quiz Activity What do you know Lecture Simulation Exit

Changes New developing foundation in the west Rebuilding out of darkness and death A new way of life Including agriculture AND a strong manufacturing and commercial sector Out of all of this comes new ideas Culture, Religion, Economics, Science, & Politics

1 st set of Cultural Changes AKA Renaissance Challenge to medieval intellectual values and styles Rethink old truths in everything Not an attack on religion but rather a de emphasis on religion Secularism Northern Renaissance Classical art and architecture Blending the lines of secular and religious

Renaissance New emphasis on realism and human- centered themes Humanism Real human figures (not idealized) Real discussion of power Other changes: Printing press European-style family: nuclear family Urbanization

Renaissance With cultural changes came some political changes More state power The lords still had great power at the time but things are changing Patron-Client relationship Rich people sponsor and pay for the art being created

People of the Renaissance Erasmus Da Vinci Joan of Arc Machiavelli

Religious Changes AKA Reformation End of Christian Unity Martin Luther 95 thesis Grievances against the Catholic Church Selling of indulgences Believed only faith could gain salvation Challenged many beliefs including the authority of the Pope

Reformation Starts to look Nationalistic Especially in Germany where they question paying taxes to the Pope Protestantism: religious dissent Lutheran Anglican (Church of England) Calvinism Predestination

People of the Reformation John Wycliffe Jan Huss Catharine of Sienna Martin Luther Girolama Savonarola Henry VIII Jean Calvin

Catholic Reformation In response to the Protestant Reformation Revival of Catholic doctrine to counter this surge in new beliefs Validity of papal authority New Catholic order: Jesuits (Pope Francis is the first Jesuit Pope) We will see them again as we talk more about missionary work

People of the Catholic Reformation Pope Paul III Council of Trent Jesuits & Ignatius Loyola

Both Reformations Results of these changes in religion Battles of Religion France: Catholic vs Calvinism Edict of Nantes which granted some tolerance to Protestants Germany: Protestants vs. Holy Roman Empire 30 years war Ended with the Treaty of Westphelia Britain: Protestants vs. Catholics Elizabeth vs. Mary English Civil War

Both Reformations Impact People less likely to see an intimate connection between God and Nature People didn’t believe in Miracles as much People started emphasizing the nuclear family and the love between husband and wife

Political Changes Sort of AKA Absolutism End of feudal monarchy: balance between Kings and Nobles Monarchs gain new power France was the model Slowly the king took back power Britain is going to be somewhat different English Civil War (Glorious Revolution) Parliamentary Monarchy

Political Changes Absolute Monarchy Best Example: Louis XIV What made them different: Gave money to the arts Set up education Set tariffs (mercantilism) State run manufacturing Strong military

Louis XIV France Became king at the age of 4 ½ His mother was regent over him Fell in love but married for political gain to Marie-Therese of Austria who was the daughter of the king of Spain

Absolute Monarchs Philip II of SpainPeter the Great of Russia

Absolute Monarchs Frederick the Great of Prussia Charles I of England

Absolute Monarchs Maria Terasa of Austria-Hungary

Political Changes Nation-State (VERY IMPORTANT) These Absolute rulers and Parliamentary Monarchy ruled the people of common culture and language This is very different from previous empires These commonalities brought about loyalty and cultural/political bonds Beginning of Nationalism

Economic Changes AKA Commercial Revolution Develops out of: A growing manufacturing and trans-Atlantic trade This means NEW STUFF to buy New colonial markets stimulated manufacturing Developing of agricultural specialty areas Increase in prosperity of ordinary people

Commercial Revolution Money came pouring in: Good and Bad More money means the supply goes up This means the value goes down Inflation New Wealth = New Demands Government backed trading companies grow in influence

Commercial Revolution Development of a new group Proletariat: people without access to wealth- producing property Rising food prices especially hurt the poor These major shifts caused popular protests This will continue to be an issue

Scientific Changes AKA Scientific Revolution New Scientific institutions created with government aid Research Access to the public People could control and calculate their environment Doctors Science became central to intellectual life Over religion

Scientific Revolution

People of the Scientific Revolution Nicolas Copernicus Kepler Galileo Newton Galen Tycho Brahe William Harvey

2 nd set of Cultural Changes AKA Enlightenment France is the focal point of the Enlightenment New development of more Rational Thought Scientific Method Modern Social sciences Philosophy Political developments

Enlightenment New ideas of the time that we still use today Inalienable rights Life, liberty and Property Separation of Power Civic Duty Social Contract The government works for the people and if the people don’t like it they have the right to change it

People of the Enlightenment John Locke Jean-Jacques Rousseau Baron de Montesquieu Francois Marie Arouet “Voltaire” Thomas Hobbes Adam Smith