33,000 BCE to 1769 CE

 Isolation leads to slower development  Incas, Aztecs (Mexica), and the Mayan  Maize Cultivation  Animism/Spirituality  Mathematics, astronomy, and trans- regional trade

 Maize and Irrigation Technology  Hunting and Gathering  Cahokia  Gender Relations  Three-Sister Farming  Iroquois Confederacy

 Crusades and Western Europe  Spices, silks, drugs, perfume, and sugar  Marco Polo  Indian Ocean Maritime System and Silk Road  Muslim Middlemen

 Renaissance in Europe  Early Plantation System  Madeira, the Canaries, Sao Tome, and Principe  Portuguese  Dias 1488  DeGama 1498  Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

 Columbus’s First Voyage  Circumnavigate the Globe – Magellan

 Columbian Exchange  Sugar Revolution

 Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)  Spain Dominated Exploration  Balboa  Magellan  Juan Ponce DeLeon  Coronado  Pizarro  Encomienda System

 Hernan Cortes 1519  Malinche  Monteczuma  Small Pox  Mestizo Population

 “God, Gold, and Glory”  Juan de Onate 1599 Battle of Acoma  Pope’s Rebellion 1680  Black Legend

 Incentives for Colonization  Land Scarcity  Mercantilism  Religious Motivation  English Reformation  Puritan Separatists  Irish Model

 French and Dutch in America  New Amsterdam – French Influence  First English Settlements  Spanish Armada  Gilbert and Raleigh  Roanoke