U.S. History EOCT test Unit 3 Preparation

SSUSH 6

6a Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states.

Essential Questions How did the Northwest Territory impact westward migration of Americans? How did the Northwest Territory impact slavery? How did the Northwest Territory impact Public Education? How did the Northwest Territory impact the addition of new states?

Essential Question How did the Northwest Territory impact westward migration of Americans?

Northwest Territory States fought over this land area for ownership. Gave land claims to the U.S. government. Congress passes 2 laws to control development and settlement.

Land Ordinance of 1785 Establishes definite boundary lines so there would be no confusion over land ownership. Surveyed the land to sale to citizens to populate.

Cheap Affordable Land Answer to essential question: Since the land was divided and sold cheaply – for $1, citizens in the United States could afford the land. They moved (migrated) in to the territory after buying the land and settled communities.

Essential Question 3. How did the Northwest Territory impact public education?

Public Education One Township was sold off to finance and support public education. Townships encouraged to establish public schools.

Financing Public Education Answer to essential question #3: One section was sold to finance public education.

Essential Question 4. How did the Northwest Territory impact the addition of new states?

Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Established process that territories could use to become a state. Set up temp gov’t. 5,000 people elect rep. to legislature. 60,000 could apply for statehood.

Process (Steps) to be added as a State Answer to essential question #4: Territories that wanted to be added as a state had to follow the steps outlined in the Northwest Ordinance. As new territories (such as Missouri, Maine, Oregon, and California) wanted to be added they had to get the population, adopt a constitution, and elect representative, etc.

Essential Question 2. How did the Northwest Territory impact slavery?

Northwest Ordinance effect on Slavery Outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory. Settlers guaranteed freedom of Religion, freedom of speech, and other rights.

Northwest Ordinance effect on Slavery Answer to Essential Question # 2: Outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory. Settlers guaranteed freedom of Religion, freedom of speech, and other rights.

6b Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territory’s exploration by Lewis and Clarke.

Thomas Jefferson Wanted to buy Access to Mississippi River (New Orleans)

Jefferson’s conflict Thomas Jefferson really wanted to buy the Louisiana Purchase but…. He had argued a Strict interpretation of the U.S. Constitution as a philosophy. This just meant that the U.S. Constitution’s language did not expressly say that he, as president, could purchase property. The opportunity to buy challenged his strict constructionist viewpoint.

Examples Non-Examples Characteristics Definition A political opinion that an individual should interpret (understand) the Constitution for what is actually stated. Literal interpretation of words by what is actually written. Face value of words actually written. Strict Constructionist   : Examples Non-Examples Mr. Howell says that you can’t Go the snack machine during instruction Time. Reading between the lines. Accepting implied reasoning for phrases and clauses. You argue to Mr. Howell that the Teacher was not teaching at the time that you visited the snack machine. Broad Constructionist “Elastic Clause” Necessary & Proper Clause

Jefferson Submits and Buys Thomas Jefferson purchased the territory because he believed it would benefit all Americans despite his personal interpretation of the U.S. Constitution. The land purchase doubles the land area of the United States. He paid $15 million.

Thomas Jefferson President that purchased the Louisiana Territory from France Increased U.S. size two times Larger Mississippi to Rocky Mountains --- Purchased from Napoleon

Lewis & Clarke Expedition Corps of discovery initiated by Thomas Jefferson 16-month expedition charted the trails west, mapped rivers and mountain ranges, collected samples of unfamiliar animals and plants, and recorded facts and figures about the various Native American tribes west of the Mississippi River

6c Explain the major reasons for the War of 1812 and the war’s significance on the development of a national Identity.

British Policy of Impressment Causes War of 1812 British trade restrictions between U.S. & France; seized Neutral commercial vessels British Policy of Impressment Inciting Native Americans and Arming them to stop American expansion British in Ohio River Valley & would not leave; Americans wanted Canada

Tensions Existed after the Revolutionary War History Tensions Existed after the Revolutionary War

Interruption of Trade Great Britain blockades ships out of the sea area in the Atlantic entering near France. Neutral vessels had to report To British Ports to get a license to trade in Europe. This Disrupted American Trade. Americans were angry.

Impressment The British would capture American Commercial ships that did not report to British ports and get a license. As Punishment – Americans were Conscripted “forced against their will” into the British Navy. This is called IMPRESSMENT

British in Ohio River Valley The British still occupied the territory considered to belong to the Americans around the Northwest Territory, or Ohio River Valley. The British refused to leave this area and attempted have an influence there. Many believed the British were inciting the Native Americans to attack American property and citizens.

Manifest Destiny Competition in the Fur Trade. Manifest Destiny (Expansionist sentiment by War hawks). Some Members of Congress called War Hawks were driven by expansionist ideas and manifest Destiny and declared war in order to get new lands for the U.S.

British Impressment War of 1812 British in Northwest Territory British Inciting (Arming) Native Americans British Interrupting U.S. Trade with Europe Competition in the Fur Trade Manifest Destiny

Commodore William Bainbridge Commodore Stephen Decatur

Treaty of Ghent Ends the War of 1812

Battle of New Orleans Fought after the Treaty of Ghent and the official end of the War of 1812 General Andrew Jackson and his troops defeat the British at New Orleans

Results of War of 1812 Andrew Jackson becomes national hero for winning Battle of New Orleans. Americans experience an increased feeling of national Pride. Refer to themselves as “Americans”

PROUD TO BE AMERICAN! National Identity All Across the United States citizens were proud that the country was strong enough to defeat the British army and Navy once More. PROUD TO BE AMERICAN!

6d Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nation’s infrastructure.

Why was the Erie Canal Built? Essential Question Why was the Erie Canal Built?

American System Henry Clay Goal was to unite the Nation Protective Tariff to protect N.E. manufactures 2nd Bank of the U.S. to issue a National Currency Internal improvements / roads and bridges built to connect the Nation / Erie Canal connecting Great lakes to Hudson River

2. What was the significance of the construction of the Erie Canal? Essential Question 2. What was the significance of the construction of the Erie Canal?

Erie Canal Canal that connects the Great lakes with the Atlantic Ocean and Buffalo with Albany, NY. This was the most spectacular engineering project of the young U.S.

Importance of Erie Canal Canal connected east to west U.S. and provided faster route westward. New York rises to become the major entrance point to the United States. The Hudson River was used to connect to the Erie Canal. New immigrants could find their way to the frontier by way of the River and the Canal.

3. How did New York City rise after the building of the Erie Canal? Essential Question 3. How did New York City rise after the building of the Erie Canal?

Importance of Erie Canal Canal connected east to west U.S. and provided faster route westward. New York rises to become the major entrance point to the United States. The Hudson River was used to connect to the Erie Canal. New immigrants could find their way to the frontier by way of the River and the Canal.

Major Economic & Trade Point Because goods going to the west from Europe had to pass through New York City many financial matters took place there. Any goods coming from the west going to Europe had to come through New York City as well.

New York City Became Great Economic Center Center of Trade between Europe & Western U.S. Banking & Commercial Activities

Essential Question 4. How did the building of the Erie Canal improve the nation’s infrastructure?

Goods & People Move West The Erie Canal joined the East coast of the U.S. (Atlantic Ocean) to the Great Lakes region. Allowed goods and people to travel west easier.

Mississippi River Basin / West Connects Mississippi River Basin / West Erie Canal Atlantic Ocean

Continuous water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes.

Immigrants Enter at Ellis Island New York City

New York become a bustling City

Describe the reasons for and the importance of the Monroe Doctrine.

“Era of Good Feelings” After war of 1812, nationalism growing, one political party in power – Republican. President James Monroe

Monroe Doctrine - 1823 a U.S. doctrine which proclaimed that European powers should no longer Colonize or interfere with the affairs of the nations of the Americas.

Warned Europe to stay out of Western Hemisphere

Western Hemisphere

SSUSH 7

7a Explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution as seen in Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin and his development of interchangeable parts for muskets.

Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution A time when advances in technology led to massive economic changes. Factories using mechanization increase. Transform Manufacturing

Eli Whitney - Muskets Interchangeable Parts Increased and improved Northern Manufacturing Started making more Muskets. More factories used the idea of interchangeable parts to increase technology of products.

Eli Whitney Cotton Gin Increased need for slaves in the South Increased production of cotton in the south.

Sectionalism Eli Whitney contributed to the economic splitting of the United States in two sections of the country.

North One based on Manufacturing Supported Tariffs Opposed spread of Slavery west

South Based on agriculture. Based on Institution of Slavery. Opposed Tariffs. Supported spread of slavery west.

Sectionalism North South Manufacturing Wanted Tariffs Opposed Slavery Stop spread of slavery to western states Agriculture Opposed Tariffs Protected Slavery Spread slavery to western states

Sectionalism Manufacturing Abolition Stop Spread of Slavery Spread Slavery Protect Slavery Agriculture

7b Describe the westward growth of the United States; include the emerging concept of Manifest Destiny.

Manifest Destiny Belief God was on the side of U.S. expansion from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

Atlas Online http://www.animatedatlas.com/movie.html

Westward Expansion

Texas Tejas – a territory in Mexico populated by Americans when Moses Austin was granted permission to establish a colony there. Stephen Austin – Moses’ son establishes Tejas. Citizens of Tejas feel unfairly taxed and managed by Mexican President Santa Ana Declare their Independence.

Texas War for Independence Battle of the Alamo- 13 day seige Feb. 23-Mar. 6, 1836 Mexicans under Santa Ana defeat Texans. 100 Texans v. 1500 Mexican troops. All Texans die; 400 Mexicans “Remember the Alamo”

Texans Win- “Lone Star Republic” Texans beat Santa Ana at the Battle of San Jacinto. Led by Sam Houston. Force Santa Ana to recognize Independence. Texas became an Independent Republic. 1836-1845

Texas Annexed Then War With Mexico

Border Dispute Texas annexed in 1845 U.S. says Mexico’s northern border is Rio Grande River. Mexico says Mexico’s northern border is Nueces River. Mexican American War begins over the border of Texas. James K. Polk was President

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico cedes what later becomes California, Nevada, Utah, part of New Mexico, part of Arizona.

Gadsden Purchase 1853 - U.S. Pays Mexico $15 Million for the dark gray area which is southern Arizona and southern New Mexico. Settles the southern border of the U.S.

Oregon Territory

Joint Occupation of Oregon 1842 thousands of United States settlers moved to Oregon seeking a better life. Oregon Trail. James K. Polk argued to Great Britain U.S. owned up to 54 degrees 40 minutes line of latitude.

Oregon Trail

54° 40' or Fight Many Americans advocated (supported) war against Great Britain to get control of the Oregon Territory. Slogan became James K. Polk’s campaign slogan. – He Won!

Manifest Destiny Complete By 1853

7c Describe the reform movements, specifically temperance, abolitionism, and public school.

Slave Masters keeping the Status quo Definition Characteristics To Change, Improve Improve Modify Change Alter To Make More Democratic Reform Movements: Organized attempts to improve problems in society REFORM   : Examples Non-Examples Horace Mann- Slave Masters keeping the Status quo Public Education reform To create tax funded public schools Raise teacher pay, extend school year

Temperance Movement Movement led by women to end the consumption of Alcohol.

Public Schools Leader: Horace Mann Purpose: Tax funded public School Raise Teacher Pay Extend School year

Definition Characteristics A person who wishes to put an end to or eliminate Slavery. Stop Slavery Put and end to slavery Do away with slavery Eliminate slavery Get rid of slavery Abolitionist movement: organized effort by a group of people to end slavery Abolitionist   : Examples Non-Examples William Loyd Garrison white abolitionist leader and publisher of The Liberator To enslave Bind Yoke shackle Frederick Douglas—former slave and publisher of The North Star

Frederick Douglas Former urban slave who escaped. Famous abolitionist and owner of the newspaper called “North Star”

William Lloyd Garrison White Abolitionist Publisher of the Newspaper, “The Liberator”

Sarah & Angelina Grimke Parents owned slaves Grew up on a plantation Abolitionist Spoke out against slavery.

7d Explain women’s efforts to gain suffrage; include Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Seneca Falls Conference.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Led the early women’s suffrage (right to vote) movement. Organized the Seneca Falls Convention where women won the right to vote by a narrow margin.

Definition Characteristics The right to vote To go to the polls to vote. To allow to vote. Suffrage   : Examples Non-Examples Jacksonian Democracy- People that do not own land can vote Property requirements dropped. Poll Tax Grandfather clause Literacy Tests African American Suffrage 15th Amendment – right to vote

Seneca Falls Convention – Declaration of Sentiments Worded much like the Declaration of Independence was a Declaration for women.

Declaration of Sentiments “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed”.

7e Explain Jacksonian Democracy, expanding suffrage, the rise of popular political culture, and the development of American nationalism.

Expanded Suffrage Released the Property requirement to vote. More of the common class could vote. Disliked large business interests or groups and liked small businesses and small farmers. For the Common Man

Mudslinging in Election of 1828 John Q. Adams Misusing public funds Purchased gambling devices for presidential mansion Andrew Jackson Wife Unfaithful (Adultery) Duels Massacring Native Americans Execution of soldiers

Rise of Popular Political Culture Presidential campaigns Increase in Public participation

Famous Trials West Trail of Tears Part of Indian Removal Act supported by Andrew Jackson Cherokee of Georgia removed to reservations in Oklahoma

Spoils System Fist used by Andrew Jackson Appointed friends and supporters to government offices.

American Nationalism Manifest Destiny Common religion English Language Ancestry Culture Expand in Manifest Destiny