"USES OF SPREAD SHEET IN EXCEL" PRESENTED BY: Iman Kanwal. 8th-C. ICG F-6/2 Islamabad

DEFINATION A spreadsheet is a document that stores data in a grid of horizontal rows and vertical columns. Rows are typically labeled using numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.), while columns are labeled with letters (A, B, C, etc). Individual row/column locations, such as C3 or B12, are referred to as cells. Each cell can each store a unique instance of data. By entering data into a spreadsheet, information can be stored in a more structured way than using plain text The row/column structure also allows the data to be analyzed using formulas and calculations.

COMMON FEATURES Custom functions Charts: line graphs, bar graphs, Formulas Custom functions Charts: line graphs, bar graphs, pie graphs,linestep graphs, scatter graphs Cell formatting Cell locking Custom column groups Cell merging (rows and columns) Cell formats (Numbers, Strings, Currencies, Dates, Times) Cut/Copy/Paste with single cells or ranges of cells Custom names for columns and rows Custom styles for columns, rows and column groups Integration of images from the web Operations like deleting and inserting columns/rows

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES The facilities of spreadsheets make calculations easier to understand by displaying stages of the development of a sum, with the ability to write notes explaining each line. The grid encasing the cells in the spreadsheet can either be visible or hidden in print outs, enabling reports to be formatted from the display of the spreadsheet. Templates containing the formulas for regularly used spreadsheets increase productivity by removing the need for highly educated operators. Spreadsheets can also interact with databases to populate reference fields, automating almost the entire creation phase of the spreadsheet. The capabilities of spreadsheets are deskilling. Workers no longer need to have specialist skills, and must compete with cheaper unskilled labor. Individual spreadsheets installed on each of the PCs in an office also enable individuals to hoard data and make their own forecasts without cooperating with colleagues. This phenomenon leads to duplication of both data and effort throughout the organization. The structure of the spreadsheet increases storage requirements over the needs of raw data.

EFFECTS ON EDUCATION Save time Organize displays of information Spreadsheets save valuable time by allowing teachers and students to complete essential calculations quickly.Theysave time not only by making initial calculations faster and more accurate, but their automatic recalculation features also make it easy to update products such as grades and budgets. Entries also can be changed, added, or deleted easily, with formulas that automatically recalculate final grades. Organize displays of information Although spreadsheet programs are intended for numerical data, their capability to store information in columns makes them ideal tools for designing informational charts such as schedules and attendance lists that may contain few numbers and no calculations at all. Support asking "what if" questions Spreadsheets help people visualize the impact of changes in numbers. Since values are automatically recalculated when changes are made in a worksheet, a user can play with numbers and immediately see the result. This capability makes it feasible to pose "what if" questions and to answer them quickly and easily. Increase motivation to work with mathematics Many teachers feel that spreadsheets make working with numbers more fun. Students sometimes perceive mathematical concepts as dry and boring; spreadsheets can make these concepts so graphic that students express real delight with seeing how they work.

THE END.....!!! MANY THANKS...!! * * * * * * * * * * * *