Chapter 4 Books: The Birth of the Mass Media

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 4 Books: The Birth of the Mass Media

Development of Writing Approx. 3500 BC: Writing originates in Egypt or Mesopotamia Earliest writing was pictographs and ideographs; symbols that stand for ideas Approx. 2000 BC: Phonography begins; symbols stand for sounds 1700 – 1500 BC: Alphabets developed; letters stand for sounds

Development of Paper 3100 BC: Egyptians develop papyrus, writing surface made from papyrus reed. Parchment – Writing surface from skin of goats and sheep; much less fragile than papyrus. 240- 105 BC: Paper developed by Chinese; moves to Europe in mid-11th century.

Development of Books Earliest books were papyrus scrolls 400-800 AD: Religious books hand-copied by monks in rooms called scriptoria. 1200s: Licensed publishers distribute hand- copied books such as The Canterbury Tales.

The Invention of Mass Culture 1455: Gutenberg develops movable metal type, makes printing feasible. First mass-produced written word.

Consequences of Gutenberg Standardized books and language Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Made possible transferring ideas beyond community where they originated

Books in the New World 1539: First New World printing press in Mexico City. 1640: Printing begins in North America with Whole Booke of Psalmes. Book became early export for colonies. 1731: Benjamin Franklin establishes early circulating (subscription) libraries. Went on to become popular author.

Mass Produced Books 1814: Steam-powered rotary press 1830s–1840s: Popularity of serial novels Civil War era: Popularity of paperback dime novels Growth of inexpensive books, magazines, and newspapers fuels growth of mass literacy

The Book Business Publishers Authors Booksellers

Publishers Major commercial publishers University and small presses Vanity presses and self-publishing Government Printing Office

Authors Not everyone is a star. Many books have limited promotion.

Book Writing Process

Booksellers Wholesalers/distributors—Ingram Book Group Major bookstore chains—Barnes & Noble is largest bookseller Independent booksellers—American Bookseller’s Association Mail-order book clubs

Textbook Business Barnes & Noble has major campus bookstore division GAO estimates on the average, a student spends $900 a year on textbooks Schools try variety of ways to lower costs Schools experimenting with e-book readers Authors/publishers make nothing on used books

Great Books vs. Popular Books Nathaniel Hawthorne vs. the “scribblers” Popularity of domestic novels Stephen King —“The literary equivalent of a Big Mac and a large fries.” Vampires, wizards, and the NYT Best Seller list

Books and Censorship Book banning in the United States is generally local and involves taking books out of libraries or off school reading lists Globally, authors can have works banned, threats of violence and death Salman Rushdie—The Satanic Verses Sherry Jones—The Jewel of Medina

Books and the Long Tail Amazon.com—Offering all books rather than a selection of books Electronic publishing and print-on-demand Importance of e-book readers such as the Kindle, Nook, or iPad

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