Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

What is AI?

How do we classify research as AI?

Intelligence The ability to learn and to cope. The ability to learn and to cope. The ability to contemplate, think, and reason. The ability to contemplate, think, and reason. Synonyms: Synonyms:  Brain, brainpower, mentality, mother wit, sense, wit Related: Related:  Acumen, discernment (ayırıcılık, duyarlılık), insight, judgment (yargı), perspicacity, sagacity (sağduyu), wisdom (bilgelik)

Intelligence Turing Test: A human communicates with a computer via a teletype. If the human can’t tell he is talking to a computer or another human, it passes. Turing Test: A human communicates with a computer via a teletype. If the human can’t tell he is talking to a computer or another human, it passes.  Natural language processing  knowledge representation  automated reasoning  machine learning Add vision and robotics to get the total Turing test. Add vision and robotics to get the total Turing test.

Weak and Strong AI Claims Weak AI: Weak AI:  Machines can be made to act as if they were intelligent. Strong AI: Strong AI:  Machines that act intelligently have real, conscious minds.

Approaches to AI Searching Searching Learning Learning From Natural to Artificial Systems From Natural to Artificial Systems Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Expert Systems and Planning Expert Systems and Planning Communication, Perception, Action Communication, Perception, Action

Search “All AI is search” “All AI is search”  Game theory  Problem spaces Every problem is a feature space of all possible (successful or unsuccessful) solutions. Every problem is a feature space of all possible (successful or unsuccessful) solutions. The trick is to find an efficient search strategy. The trick is to find an efficient search strategy.

Search: Game Theory 9!+1 = 362,880

Approaches to AI Searching Searching Learning Learning From Natural to Artificial Systems From Natural to Artificial Systems Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Expert Systems and Planning Expert Systems and Planning Communication, Perception, Action Communication, Perception, Action

Learning Explanation Explanation  Discovery  Data Mining No Explanation No Explanation  Neural Nets  Case Based Reasoning

Learning: Explanation Cases to rules Cases to rules

Learning: No Explanation Neural nets Neural nets

Approaches to AI Searching Searching Learning Learning From Natural to Artificial Systems From Natural to Artificial Systems Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Expert Systems and Planning Expert Systems and Planning Communication, Perception, Action Communication, Perception, Action

Approaches to AI Searching Searching Learning Learning From Natural to Artificial Systems From Natural to Artificial Systems Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Expert Systems and Planning Expert Systems and Planning Communication, Perception, Action Communication, Perception, Action

Rule-Based Systems Logic Languages Logic Languages  Prolog, Lisp Knowledge bases Knowledge bases Inference engines Inference engines

Rule-Based Languages: Prolog Father(abraham, isaac).Male(isaac). Father(haran, lot).Male(lot). Father(haran, milcah).Female(milcah). Father(haran, yiscah).Female(yiscah). Son(X,Y)  Father(Y,X), Male(X). Daughter(X,Y)  Father(Y,X), Female(X). Son(lot, haran)?

Rule Based Systems KRS KRS

Approaches to AI Searching Searching Learning Learning From Natural to Artificial Systems From Natural to Artificial Systems Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Expert Systems and Planning Expert Systems and Planning Communication, Perception, Action Communication, Perception, Action

Approaches to AI Searching Searching Learning Learning From Natural to Artificial Systems From Natural to Artificial Systems Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Expert Systems and Planning Expert Systems and Planning Communication, Perception, Action Communication, Perception, Action

Ability-Based Areas Computer vision Computer vision Natural language recognition Natural language recognition Natural language generation Natural language generation Speech recognition Speech recognition Speech generation Speech generation Robotics Robotics

Natural Language: Translation “The flesh is weak, but the spirit is strong”  Translate to Russian  Translate back to English “The food was lousy, but the vodka was great!”

Natural Language Recognition

“Tom believes Mary wants to marry a sailor.”

Approaches to AI Searching Searching Learning Learning From Natural to Artificial Systems From Natural to Artificial Systems Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Expert Systems and Planning Expert Systems and Planning Communication, Perception, Action Communication, Perception, Action

Approaches to AI Searching Searching Learning Learning From Natural to Artificial Systems From Natural to Artificial Systems Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Expert Systems and Planning Expert Systems and Planning Communication, Perception, Action Communication, Perception, Action

What is Intelligence? The Chinese Room The Chinese Room

What is Intelligence? The Chinese Room The Chinese Room

What is Intelligence? Replacing the brain? Replacing the brain?

Face Recognition Example Take three regular photos from different sides of a human face Take three regular photos from different sides of a human face Generate a digital model of the human face Generate a digital model of the human face Uses of the work: Uses of the work:  Medical applications: Aesthetic operations  Hair dresser and friseur works  Animations to use in movie industry  Etc.

Results

How far have we got? Our best systems have the intelligence of a frog Our best systems have the intelligence of a frog

What is Artificial Intelligence? We will find out … We will find out …

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