제 2 주 강의 지능적 프로그램의 특징

인공지능 연구에 대한 접근 1 A branch of computer science to automate intelligent behavior Study on computational techniques to perform tasks requiring intelligence Generating representations and procedures that automatically and autonomously

인공지능 연구에 대한 접근 2 Study on explaining and emulating intelligent behavior in terms of computational processes Designing intelligent computer systems that can understand languages, learn, reason and solve problems

Problems to be solved GPS (general problem slover) Commonsense reasoning Vision and image processing Expert system Language understanding and speaking Learning

Questions about AI What are the underlying assumptions about intelligence? What kinds of techniques will be useful for solving AI problems? At what level if at all can human intelligence be modelled When will it be realized ?

Underlying Assumption Symbolic approach *** 이전 시간에 일부 설명

Knowledge Capture generalizations rather than separate representation Be understood by people providing it Be easily modified to correct errors and changes in real conditions Be widely used even if it is incomplete and inaccurate

예 Tic-Tac-Toe  단순한 접근 ::: elements  규칙화 … blank: 2, X:3, O:5; 순서를 1,2 3, … ; Win 검증 3*3*2 (X win), 5*5*2 (O win)  board position 을 이용하면서 규칙화, 가능성을 검증하여 움직임을 결정

AI Techniques Search Problem characteristics 예 missionary carnival problems, simple question-answering system water jug problem constraint satisfaction

Problem Characteristics Can solution steps be ignored or at least undone if they prove unwise? Is the problem ’ s universe predictable? Is a good solution obvious? A large amount of knowledge is required or important to constraint the search? Is the problem decomposable to independent easier sub-problems? Does the solution of the problem require interaction?

Question Answering TEXT Many went shopping for a new coat. She found a red one she really liked. When she got home, she discovered that it went perfectly with her favorite dress.

Questions What did Mary go shopping for? What did Mary find that she liked? Did Mary buy anything? Eliza : Template matching : Slot filling

Agents Acting humanly ?  Turing test Thinking Humanly : The cognitive modeling approach Thinking rationally : The laws of thought approach :: correct inference Acting rationally :: The rational agent approach  not thinking rationally but acting rationally : stove 에서 손을 뗄 때  evolution, neural network

숙제 교재 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10 Turing test 가 지능을 측정하는 방법이 될 수 있는가 ? 있다면 그 입장에서 논리를 전개하고, 그렇지 않다면 그 입장에서 논리를 전개하라. 음식점에 들어가서 나오는 과정을 행위의 단 위를 나누어서 기술하라. 자신이 기술한 과정 에서 사용된 기본 연산 (operation) 을 기술하라. 연산이 다른 음식점에서도 사용될 수 있는지 보여라. 그 연산을 일반화하라. 마지막으로 음 식점에서 일어나는 과정을 일반화해보라.