THE MIDDLE COLONIES Maddie Warren

INTRODUCTION “The Middle Colonies were a part of the Thirteen Colonies. They included New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. Today these areas are described as the Mid-Atlantic States. The middle colonies were the most ethnically and religiously diverse of the thirteen original colonies. (they were also the most tolerant). They had more agriculture than the New England colonies. The Middle Colonies were also known as the "bread basket" colonies because of their large grain export.”

A MAP OF THE MIDDLE COLONIES

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT The Middle Colonies political groups began as small groups with narrowly focused goals. These colonizations eventually grew into diverse and large political organizations. The Middle Colonies were generally run by Royal or Proprietary Governors and elected Colonial Assemblies. Many Middle Colony constitutions guaranteed freedom of religion and forbade taxation without representation.

Education in the Middle Ages “Colonial leaders agreed that education was very important but they were not concerned with providing it. The decision of whether to educate children was left to individual families until 1683, when a Pennsylvania law was passed, requiring that all children be taught to read and write and be trained in a useful trade. A variety of local religious groups ran most schools in the middle colonies and stressed the practical aspects of education. All boys learned a skill or trade. Depending on their social class, they might also study classical languages, history and literature, mathematics, and natural science. Girls were tutored at home in a variety of household and social skills.”

Religion “The Puritans were a group of people who grew discontent in the Church of England and worked towards religious, moral and societal reforms.”

FaMiLy LiFe “Everyone had a job to do. The men had to take care of the animals and the garden.  They had to chop firewood and fix tools. The boys had to help so they could learn what they would need to do when they were men.  The women and the girls had to cook, do all of the cleaning, and take care of the children.  They had to make butter, soap, candles, and clothes.  They had to spin wool, dye cloth, and spin thread.”

The Key Products, Jobs and Goods in The Middle Colonies Farmers Lumberjacks Fishermen Rum Makers Orchard Workers Merchants Bakers Craftsman Candle Makers Traders Rope Makers Miners Tin Craftsmen Ship Builders Products Cattle Fish Grain Lumber Orchards Rum Corn Pumpkins Peaches Apples Squash

SOURCES http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401803430.html http://www.ststephencatholicschool.org/fall_web_project/pirates/map3.gif http://www.ststephencatholicschool.org/fall_web_project/pirates/hob.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Colonies  http://www.columbia.k12.mo.us/pke/phillips/colonies/foodandchores.htm

Southern Colonies South Carolina Georgia Virginia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Education There were no schools in Jamestown, so parents provided reading lessons at home for Children. There was not much education but there was a lot of farming and starting of slavery in the South especially in the Carolinas and Georgia, due to James Oglethorpe wanting to establish a wealthy colony based on plantation and slavery.

Religion The Catholic religion was taught by the Parents of Children at home in Jamestown, and in Maryland religion was important because Catholics came to America to escape religious persecution. Lord Baltimore took over planning of the southern colony, Maryland, where there were many Catholics and Protestants. Conflicts arose between the two where the Toleration Act of 1649 was made. It made restricting the religious rights of Christians a crime. In the Carolinas there were no towns or Churches until Bath was founded in 1704.

Government Poor colonists protested that the members of the House of Burgesses raised taxes to pay themselves higher salaries. They also complained about lack of available farmland in Jamestown. Maryland was a Proprietary colony, which means the proprietors (owners) controlled the government. In South and North Carolina, Proprietors allowed each area to have their own governor. Officially in 1729 they became separate colonies. In 1729 English government bought the colonies from the proprietors. Their management did not satisfy colonists at all. Georgia became a royal colony by the English government in 1752 after the trustees of Georgia gave up their charter.

Role of Men, Women, and Children In the South, Men were building, harvesting, repairing tools, hunting fishing, protecting their families, and plowing. Women had the job to sew, cook, make soap and candles, and be obedient to their husbands. They did not have the right to vote or hold public office, and did not have as many opportunities as their husbands outside their homes. They were considered less emotionally and physically stable than the men. Once Children are old enough, they are put to work. They also receive their education.

Key Products/Good Jobs Key products in the South were indigo, rice, farm products, tobacco, and fur. Good Jobs in the Southern colonies for Women were merchants, printers, and doctors. Good Jobs for men were farming, trading crops, blacksmith, gunsmith, printer, etc.

American Culture in General In General, everyone had to work very hard to receive all the necessities they needed to survive. Everyone was put to work, including Children. There was much practice of Religion in the South, mainly taught at home and in Churches. Farming was a huge part of colonial life and trading tobacco and corn. Life in the early colonies was very demanding.

Impact of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment in the colonies Fear and unproven facts turned into knowledge and reason. People became more open with Religion and freedom. People became smarter which eventually led to new leaders and new government that will continue to change the world.

Art in the colonies

Writers in the Colonies

Triangle Trade

Sources

The Renaissance & Enlightenment Impacts on the English Colonies

The Renaissance 1300-1500 in Europe Focused on individuals becoming more well-rounded citizens Art Literature Navigation Science

The Enlightenment John Locke Natural rights of life, liberty and property People agree to a “social contract” expecting government to protect those rights

Impact in the Colonies Religious Revival Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield “The Great Awakening” Common people can be saved and understand religion Reach out to masses Education MA laws ensuring public schools First colleges (ex: Harvard) The Written Word Ben Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanack Zenger Trial Freedom of the press Speaks out against corrupt governor in NY