iPhone technology by Rahul Varikuti Course instructor Course instructor Vicky Hsu Vicky Hsu

Introduction Apple Inc.’s iPhone has been the world’s most influential smart phone widely hailed for its beauty and functionality. Apple It was a true hand-held computer that raised the bar for all its competitors. Apple announced its hilarious product, iPhone on 9 January In United States, the iPhone was initially9 January2007 introduced on 29 June 2007 and is in the process of being introduced worldwide.29 June2007 On July 11# 2008, the iPhone 3G was released and supported faster 3G data speeds and Assisted GPS.#20083G

iPhone The iPhone is an Internet-enabled multimedia smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc., which has a multi-touch screen with virtual keyboard and buttons, but a minimal amount of hardware input.Internetmultimedia smartphonemulti-touchvirtual keyboardbuttons Functions: It can be used as camera phonecamera phone portable media player text messaging andtext messaging visual voice mail, Internet services including e- mail, web browsing, and local Wi-Fi connectivity.e- mailweb browsingWi-Fi

specifications(1): 1) Screen size is about 3.5 in (89 mm) 2) Screen resolution is 480×320 pixels at 163 ppi, with 3:2 aspect ratioppiaspect ratio 3) Input devices: Multi-touch screen interface plus a "Home" buttonMulti-touch 4) Built-in rechargeable, non-removable battery 5) 2 megapixel cameramegapixelcamera 6) Location finding by detection of cell towers and Wi- Fi networks 7) Samsung S5L8900 (412 MHz ARM 1176 processor, PowerVR MBX 3D graphics co-processor)ARM PowerVR 8) Memory: 128 MB DRAMMBDRAM

Specifications(2) 9) Storage: 8 GB or 16 GB flash memoryflash memory 10) Operating System: iPhone OS 11) Quad band GSM / GPRS / EDGE: GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900Quad bandGSMGPRSEDGEGSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / ) Wi-Fi (802.11b/g)Wi-Fi802.11b/g 13) Bluetooth 2.0 with EDRBluetooth ) Color: Black (8 GB or 16 GB) or white (16 GB) 15) Size: 4.5 inches (115.5 mm) (h) × 2.4 inches (62.1 mm) (w) × 0.48 inch (12.3 mm) (d) 16) Weight: 133 g (4.7 oz) 17) Headphone jack (non-recessed) 18) Battery has up to 10 hours of 2G talk, 5 hours of 3G talk, 5 (3G) or 6 (Wi-Fi) hours of Internet use, 7 hours of video playback, and up to 24 hours of audio playback, lasting over 300 hours on standby. 19) Tri band UMTS / HSDPA: UMTS 850 / 1900 / 2100Tri bandUMTSHSDPAUMTS 850 / 1900 / ) Assisted GPS, with preference to location based on Wi-Fi or cell towersAssisted GPS

Design: The Apple phone combines intelligent voice calling, and a full-blown iPod, with a beautiful new interface for music and video playback.. It has the largest and highest-resolution screen. The phone is thinner than many smart phones and is comfortable to handle and the way it displays.

Hardware used Screen and interface: It has 9 cm (3.5 in) liquid crystal display (320×480 px at 6.3 px/mm, 160 ppi) touchscreen with scratch-resistant glass is specifically created for use with a finger, or multiple fingers for multi-touch sensing.liquid crystal displayppitouchscreenglass The display responds to three sensors. A proximity sensor shuts off the display and touchscreen when the iPhone is brought near the face to save battery powerproximity touchscreen and to prevent inadvertent inputs from the user's face and ears. An ambient light sensor adjusts the display brightness which in turn saves battery power.ambient light A 3-axis accelerometer senses the orientation of the phone and changes the screen accordingly.accelerometer

Processor: The A320 is a 800MHz processor with a 2D graphics accelerator. This processor has many integrated features, including WiFi support and a large frame buffer for streaming video like H.264, which is used in Apple's QuickTime application. It is designed for the advanced smart-phone market.

Other hardware: Storage capacity: 8 gigabytes and 16 gigabytes. Color: The top model is available in black or white. Audio:The iPhone's headphones are similar to those of most current smartphones, incorporating a microphone. The 3.5 mm TRS connector for the headphones is located on the top left corner.smartphonesmicrophoneTRS connector

Camera: The camera can’t record video and has a resolution of just two megapixels. Battery life: Apple claims that over 3G, the new iPhone can get five hours of talk time, or five hours of Internet use. Sim card software

Features of iPhone The most important features provided by the iphone are audio conferencing, call holding, call merging, caller ID, and integration with other cellular network features and iPhone functions.caller ID They are: multimedia multimedia internet connectivity and accessability internet connectivity and accessability camera camera text input text input

Technology used The first generation phone hardware was quad- band GSM with EDGE;quad- bandGSMEDGE The second generation also adds UMTS and HSDPA.UMTS HSDPA The iPhone is a GSM based mobile phone operating on four bands (850, 900, 1800, 1900). The best it can offer over a mobile network is EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution). EDGE expands existing GSM networks by upgrading only the transceivers in the base stations. It uses 8 phase shift keying and greater redundancy to achieve up to three times the data rate of GSM.

Quad band (also known as quad-band or quadband) literally means four bands. a quad-band mobile phone is used to designate a phone that can operate in the following GSM frequency bands:GSM frequency bands 850 MHz (U.S./Canada/Latin America/Brazil (Only the carrier Vivo)) 900 MHz (Europe/Brazil/Africa/Australia/Asia (ex Japan and S. Korea)) 1800 MHz (Europe/Australia/Asia/Brazil) 1900 MHz (U.S./Canada/Latin America)

3G technology 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, which supersede 2G, and precede 4G.technology2G4G It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the International Mobile Telecommunications programme, IMT-2000.International Telecommunication UnionIMT G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video calls, and telephonyvideo calls broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment.

Additional features also include HSPA data transmission capabilities able to deliver speeds up to 14.4Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8Mbit/s on the uplink. HSPA Unlike IEEE (common names Wi-Fi or WLAN) networks, 3G networks are wide area cellular telephone networks which evolved to incorporate high-speed internet access and video telephony.IEEE Wi-FiWLANvideo telephony

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC): GPRSIMT. It is a digital mobile phone technology.mobile phone allows increased data transmission rates and improved data transmission reliability. used for any packet switched application, such as an Internet connection.packet switchedInternet

High-speed data applications such as video services and other multimedia benefit from EGPRS' increased data capacity. EDGE Circuit Switched is a possible future development. EDGE/EGPRS is implemented as a bolt-on enhancement for 2G and 2.5G GSM and GPRS networks, making it easier for existing GSM carriers to upgrade to it.bolt-on enhancement2G2.5GGSMGPRS EDGE/EGPRS is a superset to GPRS and can function on any network with GPRS deployed on it, provided the carrier implements the necessary upgrade.

Transmission techniques In addition to Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK), EDGE uses higher order PSK/8 phase shift keying( 8PSK) for the upper five of its nine modulation and coding schemes.Gaussian minimum-shift keying EDGE produces a 3-bit word for every change in carrier phase. This effectively triples the gross data rate offered by GSM. EDGE, like GPRS, uses a rate adaptation algorithm that adapts the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) according to the quality of the radio channel, and thus the bit rate and robustness of data transmission.GPRS

EDGE can carry data speeds up to kbit/s for 4 timeslots (theoretical maximum is kbit/s for 8 timeslots) in packet mode and will therefore meet thetimeslots International Telecommunications Union's requirement for a 3G network, and has been accepted by the ITU as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards. It also enhances the circuit data mode called HSCSD, increasing the data rate of this service. International Telecommunications Union3GITU IMT-20003G HSCSD

EGPRS modulation and coding scheme (MCS) Coding and modulation scheme (MCS) Speed (kbit/s/slot) Modulation Modulation MCS-18.80GMSK MCS-211.2GMSK MCS-314.8GMSK MCS-417.6GMSK MCS PSK MCS PSK MCS PSK MCS PSK MCS PSK

Disadvantages The input fees for the 3G service licenses is expensive. Large amount of debt currently sustained by many telecommunication companies, which makes it a challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G Lack of member state support for financially troubled operators. Lack of coverage, because it is still a new service. High prices of 3G mobile services in some countries, including Internet access.Internet Current lack of user need for 3G voice and data services in a hand-held device. High power usage.

Market Apple already has a dominant position in the market, with its iTunes Music Store claiming an 80% share of all Britain's digital music purchases. The iPhone is seen as a way of securing that superiority, as well as fending off challenges from competitors such as HMV, Virgin and Sony. By the end of the year, the expectation of iphone market is around 40 to 50 million music- enabled mobile phones in western Europe.

conclusion The iPhone has some new, cutting edge components. However these hardware components are not new concepts, just the very latest iterations. The real advantage is that the iPhone's hardware has over its competitors' is in the choice of touch screen technology used is coupled with the software user interface that supports it. The use of a finger is much more convenient over a stylus, and a very clear, high resolution display allows this interface to work. This, together with Apple's attention to detail, like the proximity sensor, makes the iPhone innovative.