Affective Disorders. Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley.

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Presentation transcript:

Affective Disorders

Emotional States and The Limbic System …recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

Anxiety hyper-alert, resistant to change, context-dependent Amygdala HPA Hippocampus Cortisol

Depression hypo-alert, ahedonia

Manic-Depressive (Bipolar) waxes and wanes across months/years, stress is normally a trigger Robert Schumann’s productivity

Really? A chemical salt to treat bipolar disorder? Lithium –can replace Na++ as a generator of action potentials –centrally decreases norephinephrine release and enhances serotonin synthesis –efficacious in humans and in mice (see work of CA McClung [PubMed])

Schizophrenia severely out-of-touch with reality, delusions of grandeur, auditory and visual hallucinations, and highly hereditable

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia Hyperactivity in several brain areas Enlarged lateral ventricles Increased Dopaminergic Tonus (Euphoria)

The Amygdala

Classes of Affective Disorders and Diverse Brain Dysfunction Anxiety –phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder –Neuropathology: limbic system Psychosis –schizophrenia, multiple personality disorder –Neurobiology: dopaminergic system Depression –post-partum, manic-depressive –Neurobiology: serotoninergic and noadrenergic systems

Genetic Changes Due to Environmental Stressors (Epigenetics) affects DNA transcription and translation which can have a HUGE impact on neuron function How? adding of DNA methyl groups, preventing or enabling unwinding of DNA around chromatin, to name a few Hugely popular in psychiatric research