Entering a new phase in the response to AIDS in Africa Joint Annual Meeting of the AU Conference of Ministers of Economy and Finance and ECA Conference of African Ministers of Finance, Planning and Economic Development Economic Commission for Africa Addis Ababa, 31 March 2008

HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990−2005

Top Causes of Death in Africa 1. HIV/AIDS 2. Malaria 3. Lower respiratory infections 4. Diarrhoeal diseases 5. Perinatal conditions 6. Cerebrovasuclar disease 7. Tuberculosis 8. Ischaemic heart disease 9. Measles 10. Road traffic crashes

HIV prevalence and income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa Gillespie et al. Poverty, wealth, HIV transmission. AIDS, Volume 21 Supp. November 2007.

HIV Prevalence by Wealth Quintile of Women in Eight African Countries Mishra V, Bignami-Van Assche S, Greener R, Vaessen M, Hong R, et al. (2007) HIV infection does not disproportionately affect the poorer in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS (supplement)

Change in Mean Years of Schooling by HIV Prevalence Jane Forston. Mortality Risk and Human Capital Investment: The Impact of HIV/AIDS in Sub- Saharan Africa. March 2007

Number of people receiving ARV therapy in low- and middle- income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2002—2007 end end end end Millions Year end end- 2006

Estimated number of people newly infected with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2007 Year Millions Upper range Estimate Lower range Number of people newly infected with HIV

[i] data: Extracted from 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (UNAIDS, 2006) [ii] data: AIDS in the World II. Edited by Jonathan Mann and Daniel J. M. Tarantola (1996) Notes:[1] figures are for international funds only [2] Domestic funds are included from 2001 onwards Funding Total annual resources available for AIDS, 1986 ‒ US$ million billion Signing of Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, UNGASS ‘96‘97‘98‘99‘00‘01‘02‘03‘04‘051986‘87‘88‘89‘90‘91‘92‘93‘94‘95 Less than US$ 1 million World Bank MAP launch Global Fund PEPFAR 257 UNAIDS Gates Foundation ‘ billion 10 billion

Domestic Public Per Capita Expenditure on AIDS - USD in Sub-Saharan African Countries by income level (GNI)

Resources Required for AIDS Sub-Saharan Africa

Breakdown of DAC members’ bilateral aid to health and reproductive health commitments, annual averages in USD million, constant 2005 prices OECD, 2007

Change in Under-Five Mortality Rate in Select Countries with High HIV Prevalence, 1990–2003 R. Hecht et al. Putting It Together: AIDS and the Millennium Development Goals. PLoS Medicine, 2005

Epidemic Curves T.Barnett, A.Whiteside

Volatility in Aid for Health, Selected Countries, 1999–2003 Source: World Health Organization, 2006

MOH MOEC MOF PMO PRIVATE SECTORCIVIL SOCIETYLOCALGVT NACP CTU CCAIDS INT NGO PEPFAR Norad CIDA RNE GTZ Sida WB UNICEF UNAIDS WHO CF GFATM USAID NCTP HSSP GFCCP DAC CCM T-MAP 3/5 SWAP UNTG PRSP 200 MUSD 290 MUSD 50 MUSD 60 MUSD

The Three Ones  One agreed AIDS action framework  One national AIDS coordinating authority  One agreed country-level monitoring and evaluation system

Prices (US$/year) of first-line antiretroviral regimen in Uganda:

Optimal Management? Enormous variation in unit costs $1 $10 $100 $ ,000 Annual Clients Completing VCT (scale) Cost per VCT Completed (unit cost) Mexico Uganda Russia India South Africa S. Bertozzi