AIDS-Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome Lecturer: Adelheid Cerwenka, PhD, D080, Innate Immunity Sources: Janeway: Immunobiology, 5th edition.

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AIDS-Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome Lecturer: Adelheid Cerwenka, PhD, D080, Innate Immunity Sources: Janeway: Immunobiology, 5th edition

AIDS Definition: AIDS is the end-stage disease caused by infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) First recognized in 1981

General mechanisms for recognition of viruses by the immune system Groupwork History of AIDS, Epidemiology Structure of HIV The Immune system and HIV AIDS and other diseases (Karposi Sarcoma) Treatment of AIDS Perspectives AIDS-Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome

The course of a typical acute infection

The time-course of infection of normal and immuno- deficient mice and humans

Innate immune response Natural Killers Macrophages Dendritic Cells T cells A.) Direct recognition and elimination of virus infected cells Virus infected cell Cytokines Cell-cell contact B.) Cross-talk with adaptive immunity

Immune response to invading viruses

Since 1981 the syndrome known Los Angeles: 5 people in hospital with Pneumocystis Pneumonia Virus identified HIV-1 (NIH: Robert Gallo, Luc Montagnier, Pasteur), HIV-2 History

1.) How many people in the world are infected with HIV? 2.) In which part of the world is the highest incidence? 3.) How does transmission of HIV take place? 4.) What goes wrong with the immune system? 5.) Ideas for prevention and cure? Group work

HIV Infection is spreading over all continents 16 mio died 3.4 mio people alive with AIDS Sahara Africa: 7% inf Botswana: 30% inf 6 mio newly infected newly each day Course of inf: 10% 2-3 years AIDS 80% progress in 10 years

Routes of transmission/risk groups Hemophiliac Intravenous drug abusers Homosexuals Heterosexuals Babies of infected mothers

Routes of transmission/risk groups

Most HIV Infected people progress over a period of time

Typical course of untreated infection with HIV

The virion of HIV

2 strains of HIV-1

CCR5: (ligands RANTES, MIP1a, MIP1b): DC, Macrophages CXCR4 (SDF-1): activ. T cells DC-Sign (possibly traps virus before encounter of susceptible cells) Coreceptors for HIV

The infection of CD4 T cells with AIDS

Genes and proteins of HIV

Only activated cells become infected

The immuneresponse to HIV

Problems: virus mutates, virus is hiding in storage sited (in mucosa, brain). CD4 T cells: help is missing CD8 T cells: Good in the beginning, later they can’t see the mutated virus, B cells: good, but Ab is directed against the initial virus Immune response against HIV

Lymphoid tissue Nervous system Gastrointestinal tract Cancer: Karposi Sarcoma Organs affected with AIDS-lymphoid tissue