1553 – became king at 3 yrs old Boyars fought to control_______ At age 16 he crowned himself “czar” which meant “_____________”.

= Ivan’s “Good Period” Added lands to Russia Gave Russia a ____________________ Ruled ___________

1560 – Anastasia (Ivan’s wife) dies. This marks the beginning of Ivan being known as “The Terrible”. He accused the boyars of _____________ Anastasia Created his own ________________ (all black clothing/black horses) This force was order to hunt down and kill anyone Ivan thought was a traitor

In 1581 he killed his ________________ This ended his legacy (no heir) and left Russia in a state of turmoil

After Ivan the Romanov’s took over Russia ( ) After time they _________________ They paved the way for an “________________ ___________”

Became _________ in 1696 Russia was still a land of boyars and serfs Most ________ knew little about Western Europe

Is Russia part of Asia or Europe?????

Ural mountains split Russia in two ½ Europe and ½ Asia Religious differences Russia – Eastern Orthodox Europe – Western Roman Catholic

Was an intimidating figure at 6’ 7’’ Believed that Russia future was having a ________ __________ _________ In 1697 he began his “Grand Embassy” – a tour into Western Europe to learn about their customs and manufacturing techniques

After his trip he wanted Russia to “________________” He knew that not a lot of people would agree so he had to “force” his people to do so

Bring the Orthodox Church under state control Reduce the power of the boyars Modernized army Becoming a soldier was a now a lifetime job Expanded the army to 200,000 men

He introduced ______________ Started Russia’s first _______________ Raised women’s status Made men shave their beards (looks barbaric) Forced children’s education and studying abroad

Peter got his warm water sea port Went to war with Sweden for 21 years to obtain the port He “forced” serfs to build a city on the extremely ______________ land of St. Petersburg and then “forced” many nobles to live there

Extremely successful at reforming Russia After his death in 1725, Russia was a becoming a world power

 Elizabeth (English Queen) dies in 1603  Leaves behind a__________  Started tension between Parliament and Monarchs

 King James (Elizabeth’s cousin - already the king of___________) takes the throne of England in 1603  Struggled with Parliament over _________ and _________  Parliament didn’t want Catholic practices within the Church

 James’s son (Charles I)– takes over in 1625  ___________ tension with Parliament – he eventually ____________ it  Eventually had to call Parliament again in 1628  P. would not grant more money until he signed the Petition of Right

 “Could not imprison subjects without due cause”  “Could not levy taxes without Parliaments consent”  “Could not house soldiers in private homes”  “Could not impose martial law in peacetime”

 ***This set forth the idea that ________ was higher than the _________!!!  However, Charles did not abide by these rules  He ____________ Parliament again in 1629  He imposed taxes and fines when he saw fit  His popularity was dwindling quickly

 Upheld the Anglican Church rituals  He tried to force both Scotland and England to follow ___________________  Scots rebel and threaten England  Charles needs money – calls back Parliament

 Parliament passes laws to limit royal power  Charles tries to ___________ Parliament leaders but they escaped  _______________ gather outside of the palace  Charles flees to northern England and raises an army  **This marks the beginning of the English Civil War!

 Loyalists (Cavaliers) vs. Roundheads (Parliamentarians)  ___________________ takes control of the Roundheads

 Under O.C. the Roundheads began to win the war  They took King Charles I prisoner in 1647  Found him guilty of ____________ on publically beheaded him!!  The ____________ of Charles was REVOLUTIONARY

 In 1649 he abolished the monarchy in England  Sent the Parliament home  Established a commonwealth  His associate, John Lambert, drafted the first written Constitution in 1653  GREAT IDEA!!

 Not for long   Cromwell eventually became a _____________________

 In 1659 the English people were sick of a military rule  Charles II takes over as king  He restores the ____________ (Restoration)

 Parliament passed a guarantee ___________________ – “habeas corpos” – meaning “to have the body”  Prisoner had to be brought before a judge  Charges had to be specified  ***No longer could a monarch put someone in jail for simply opposing the ruler

 Took over in 1685  Appointed Catholics to positions of power – NOT GOOD  Parliament protested – he _______________ it

 Had a son – ____________  Had a daughter (Mary)– _____________  Daughter is married to William of Orange (Netherland Prince)  What’s next??

Parliament wants William and Mary to overthrow James II for the sake of Protestantism  They do – without any bloodshed

 Create a constitutional monarchy  1689 – ________________ was created  No _________ w/o Parliament  No suspending Parliament’s laws  No interfering with Parliaments _________________  No penalty for citizen who petitions the King about grievances

 Early 1700’s the ___________ was created in England  Government officials as a link between the monarchy and the _____________________ in Parliament  Leader of the majority party in Parliament heads up the cabinet and is called the ________________________