American History Part 2, Chapters 1 – 3

Down Syndrome Child

An “isthmus”

Lived from 1580 to 1622 Kidnapped by Englishman, Thomas Hunt (1614) Sold into slavery in Spain With help of Christians, escaped to London, England Learned English while in England Squanto – Native American (Patuxet)

Joined an expedition to New England (1619) Upon return, found out his tribe had been wiped out by disease Pilgrims (total 102) arrived in Plymouth late autumn of 1620 Stayed on Mayflower during brutal winter – half died Squanto – Native American (Patuxet)

Squanto met Pilgrims at his former village (Spring 1621) Taught Pilgrims how to grow corn, catch fish, etc. First Thanksgiving celebrated in November 1621 Squanto died in November 1622 of fever, possibly poisoned by rival tribe Squanto – Native American (Patuxet)

New England Puritans valued education, for religious study as well as economic success. Both boys & girls attended elementary (primary) school, though sometimes at different hours or seasons. Secondary (high) schools were mostly in major cities, with the goal of preparing boys for college Most colleges were very small, with perhaps just a few professors and tutors. Studies included ancient history, ancient languages, theology, and mathematics. New England 17 th Century Education

Few youth had access to a high school or college education Many young people – both boys & girls – benefitted from vocational training, especially apprenticeship. Apprenticeship – learning a trade (skilled/manual job) from an experienced master worker Colonial Education

Required that many printed materials in the colonies use stamped paper produced in London. These printed materials were legal documents, magazines, newspapers and many other types of paper. The stamp tax had to be paid in valid British currency, not in colonial paper money. Purpose was to pay for British troops stationed in the colonies. The Stamp Act of 1765

Colonists opposed “taxation without representation”. Protests and demonstrations often became violent. Tax distributors were intimidated, and resigned. The tax was never effectively collected. First significant joint colonial response to any British measure. The Act was repealed on March 18, 1766 The Stamp Act of 1765

Washington and his troops crossing the Delaware River, December 25 – 26, 1776

Also known as the U.S. – Mexican War 1846 – 1848 (fighting ended in autumn of 1847) Came after the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas Mexico considered Texas as part of its country, even though Texas fought for – and won – independence in 1835 and The Mexican – American War

Mexico attained independence from Spain in 1821 Many internal struggles – almost civil war However, Mexicans were united in refusing to recognize the independence of Texas Mexico threatened war with the U.S. if it annexed Texas. The Mexican – American War

In 1829, because of immigration from the U.S., the Anglos (whites) outnumbered native Spanish speakers in the Texas territory. The Mexican government decided to levy 1 property taxes, increase tariffs on U.S. goods, and prohibit slavery. 1 Impose, force upon, require The Mexican – American War

The settlers rejected these demands, leading to the Texas Revolution of 1836, with the Texans defeating Mexico. After the Texas Revolution of 1836, Texas received official recognition from Britain, France, and the U.S., which all advised Mexico not to try to re-conquer the new nation. Most Texans wanted to join the U.S. The Mexican – American War

Texas became the 28th state on December 29, This led to the war, which America won. America also received California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, western Colorado, southwestern Wyoming, and New Mexico. Mexico received $15 million, and the U.S. took on $3.25 million of Mexican debt. The Mexican – American War

For next week, please read Part 2 History, Ch. 4 – 6, pages 80 to 115