  King Charles I vs. Oliver Cromwell  Cromwell wins and rules England until he dies in 1658  King Charles II and monarchy is restored upon Cromwell’s death!  Restoration era leads to colonies being settled The English Civil War and its Aftermath VS. 1pqepl7I

 Life was very different in each of the Colonies.

  New England: Farmers, artisans, religious, very few slaves and indentured servants  Middle Colonies: Printers, artisans, farmers, religiously tolerant, indentured servants and slaves  Southern Colonies: Gentry, indentured servants, slaves, debtors/criminals, religiously tolerant Population

  New England: Low  Southern: High  Widowarchy-women had more autonomy and independence as widows Death Rates

  New England: More sense of community, more stable family relationships, low divorce rate, large immediate families (6-8 children)  Southern Colonies-less sense of community, started off slow because more men than women, multiple marriages(people die more), large extended families (step-parents/children, siblings, etc. Family Patterns

  New England: Smaller communities clustered together, Boston is the biggest city and hub  Middle: Mixture of towns and cities (Philadelphia)  Southern: more rural society spread out far from each other(plantations). No big cities. Society

  New England: Very important so that they can understand the Bible.  Middle Colonies: somewhat important  Southern Colonies: No formal education system. Children of wealthy are privately tutored. Children were needed on farms more than schools. Education

Ethnic Groups

  The Americas were lacking one major resource, a reliable labor force  Natives were unreliable and suffered greatly from disease  Europeans were not suited well for the climate and the work  Africans were hard working, used to the climate, resistant to tropical diseases and knowledgeable in agriculture. Triangle Slave Trade

  Over 11 million Africans were transported to the Americas  The slave trade began with the Portuguese  Over 6 million slaves were transported during 18 th Century with he English being the worst offenders with enslaving over 2.5 Africans  Middle Passage-the passage of the Africans to the Americans.  Overcrowded and unsanitary conditions, malnutrition and diseases resulted in a 13% death rate.  Upon arrival, the Africans were auctioned off to the highest bidder. Triangle Slave Trade

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MTFEGIY

  The policy to unify and increase the power and wealth of a nation by a strict governmental regulation  Power is measured by wealth and the nation’s wealth is measured by stock of precious metals  Bullion-gold and silver  A favorable balance of trade-export more than you import Mercantilism

  Essentially, England attempts to control all the agriculture, natural resources and trade in the Colonies so that she can benefit and be stronger financially.  England tells the Colonists that this will help and protect them.  Colonial economic freedom starts to dwindle. Mercantilism in the Colonies

  Navigation Acts were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and its colonies. Navigation Acts

  Monopoly on tobacco in the South  NE shipbuilders and manufacturing  English vessels only  Goods must stop in England 1 st -discourages trade with other nations  Results in Colonists smuggling goods  Navigations Acts were not seriously enforced until after the French and Indian War Navigation Acts: Positives and Negatives

  England allowed its colonies freedom in governing themselves  WHY? Existing economic policy and politics of the colonies already served British interests  Meaning as long as England benefits financially from the Colonies then the Colonists will be left alone. Salutary Neglect

  England Revoked Massachusetts Charter in 1684, making it a royal colony  Colonist were becoming more independent and did not like the King telling them what to do.  Dominion of New England- Unifying the northern colonies for purposes of defense and administrative control.  Colonist hated this!!!!! Massachusetts: In the hot seat!

  Back in England, Protestant opposition invited the King’s daughter, Mary, and her husband, William (both Protestant) to take the throne from her father.  Colonists used the events in England to rid themselves of hated officials and establish representative assemblies. The Glorious Revolution

  A Religious Revival starting in the 1730’s  Major Players:  Johnathan Edwards (New England)  George Whitefield (Middle)  Samuel Davies (Southern) The Great Awakening dk4-HBNWQ

  United 4/5 of the American people under the Christian faith  More religious tolerance of other religious sects  Greater emphasis on education  Greater sense of responsibility for slaves and Native Americans  Politically speaking: moving toward an American identity, contract theory of government (breaking away from church if is too corrupt, not doing its job, and form a new one) Results of Great Awakening