The Thirteen English Colonies, 1630–1750 The American Nation Chapter 4 – Section 2 The Middle Colonies Chapter 4 The Thirteen English Colonies, 1630–1750 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

What geographical features would make living easier in the Middle Colonies than in the New England Colonies???

Check with Word Sort Puzzle Key Terms and People Key Terms Key People Patroon Proprietary Colony Royal Colony Quakers Pennsylvania Dutch Cash Crops Backcountry Peter Stuyvesant Duke of York Lord Berkeley Sir George Carteret William Penn Check with Word Sort Puzzle

Important People of the Middle Colonies Peter Stuyvesant William Penn

The Middle Colonies Objectives to learn: Chapter 4, Section 2 Objectives to learn: Why did the colony of New Netherland become the colony of New York? Why did New Jersey separate from New York? How was Pennsylvania founded? What was life like in the Middle Colonies?

Notes - Chapter 4 – Section 2 – Middle Colonies Questions to Answer Answers to Questions Why did the colony of New Netherland become the colony of ? My Answer: Additional Information from Class: Why did separate from ? How was founded? What was life like in the Middle Colonies? (Think about the differences in the East and the West!!!)

I. New Netherland Became New York Chapter 4, Section 2 A. New Netherland - 1626-1664 The Dutch set up the colony and settlers traded in furs. New Amsterdam became a thriving port. To encourage farming, Dutch officials granted huge estates to a few rich families. Owners of the estates were called patroons. People from different religious groups flocked to the colony because of its religious tolerance and the colony grew. Rivalry for trade and colonies increased between England and the Netherlands. The governor of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant, swore to defend his colony. Stuyvesant was unpopular because of his harsh rule and heavy taxes. When English warships entered the harbor, the colonists refused to help the governor. The English took over without a shot. New Netherland becomes New York – 1664 The king of England gave New Netherland to the Duke of York and it was renamed New York.

The Establishment of New York (3:00)

II. New Jersey Separated From New York Chapter 4, Section 2 A. The Duke of York thought that New York was too big to govern easily. B. He gave up some land to friends. They set up a new colony, New Jersey, which was a proprietary colony = king gave land to one or more people called proprietors who could divide the land and make laws for it. D. Settlers came from many countries. E. In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony = a colony under the direct control of the English crown.

The Establishment of New Jersey (2:44)

III. William Penn Founded Pennsylvania-1681 Chapter 4, Section 2 A. In England, William Penn joined the Quakers, a religious group that believed that all people were equal in God’s sight and they were against war. B. Quakers were persecuted in England. C. Penn believed the Quakers must leave England. He turned to King Charles II for help who issued a royal charter naming Penn proprietor of a new colony, later called Pennsylvania. D. Penn called for fair treatment of Native Americans. E. Penn welcomed settlers of different faiths and people from many countries. People from Germany arrived who were called Pennsylvania Dutch, from the word “Deutsch,” which means German. F. Penn set up the capital city of Philadelphia along the Delaware River.

The Establishment of Philadelphia – 1681 – (9:50)

IV. Establishment of Delaware Pennsylvania included lands along the lower Delaware River known at the Pennsylvania Lower Counties. 1701 – Penn allowed settlers in the Lower Counties to elect their own assembly because they did not want to send delegates to a distant assembly 1704 – Lower Counties broke away to form the colony of Delaware

The Establishment of Delaware (4:39)

To Summarize the Middle Colonies (3:12)

V. Life in the Middle Colonies Chapter 4, Section 2 Land was more favorable for farming in the Middle Colonies than the New England Colonies Cash crops—crops that are sold for money at market (ex. wheat, barley, rye) – were sold making the Middle Colonies the Breadbasket of the colonies C. Large farms D. Herding of cattle and pigs Skilled artisans Homes far apart, many styles of building, and self-sufficient Settlers from many different countries

V. Life in the Middle Colonies H. The Backcountry 1. Settlers – Scotch-Irish and German 2. Location – Followed the Great Wagon Road to the land along the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains 3. Life was difficult 4. Learned how to survive from the Native Americans 5. Relations with Native Americans weakened when they kept taking their land

Exit Ticket

Section 2 Assessment Chapter 4, Section 2 The colonies of New York and Pennsylvania were both settled by a) the Dutch. b) Puritans. c) people of many different religious backgrounds. d) friends of the Duke of York. Which description does NOT fit the Middle Colonies? a) large farms with fields of grain planted in rich, fertile soil b) settlers of many different religious backgrounds c) settlers from many different countries d) pumpkins and squash grown in poor, rocky soil on small farms Want to connect to the American History link for this section? Click here.

Section 2 Assessment Chapter 4, Section 2 The colonies of New York and Pennsylvania were both settled by a) the Dutch. b) Puritans. c) people of many different religious backgrounds. d) friends of the Duke of York. Which description does NOT fit the Middle Colonies? a) large farms with fields of grain planted in rich, fertile soil b) settlers of many different religious backgrounds c) settlers from many different countries d) pumpkins and squash grown in poor, rocky soil on small farms Want to connect to the American History link for this section? Click here.