Differences Between North and South

Factories Come to New England New England good place to set up successful factories because: New England good place to set up successful factories because: –1. fast-moving rivers –2. ships and access to the ocean –3. willing labor force

A New Way to Manufacture U.S. government hires Eli Whitney to make 10,000 muskets for army U.S. government hires Eli Whitney to make 10,000 muskets for army Guns are made one at a time by gunsmiths, Whitney changes this method Guns are made one at a time by gunsmiths, Whitney changes this method

A New Way to Manufacture Uses interchangeable parts, parts exactly alike, to make guns (1801) Uses interchangeable parts, parts exactly alike, to make guns (1801) Speeds up production, makes repairs easy, uses less-skilled workers Speeds up production, makes repairs easy, uses less-skilled workers

Plantations and Slavery Spread The invention of the cotton gin and the demand for cotton cause slavery to spread in the South. The invention of the cotton gin and the demand for cotton cause slavery to spread in the South.

Cotton is King Cotton is King Cotton is King Cotton is King

The Cotton Boom Eli Whitney invents cotton gin—machine that cleans cotton (1793) Eli Whitney invents cotton gin—machine that cleans cotton (1793) Makes cotton cleaning more efficient, changes Southern life: one person could clean 1 pound of cotton a day by hand; the cotton gin could clean 50 pounds of cotton a day. Makes cotton cleaning more efficient, changes Southern life: one person could clean 1 pound of cotton a day by hand; the cotton gin could clean 50 pounds of cotton a day.

The Cotton Boom Cotton plantations spread west, triggers a move westward Cotton plantations spread west, triggers a move westward Planters grow more cotton than other goods, cotton exports increase Planters grow more cotton than other goods, cotton exports increase Native Americans driven off land taken over for cotton plantations Native Americans driven off land taken over for cotton plantations Slaves from the east are sold to work on new cotton plantations Slaves from the east are sold to work on new cotton plantations

Slavery Expands From 1790 to 1860, cotton production increases greatly From 1790 to 1860, cotton production increases greatly As cotton earnings rise so does price of slaves As cotton earnings rise so does price of slaves Expansion of slavery has major impact on South’s economy, people Expansion of slavery has major impact on South’s economy, people

Spread of Cotton Spread of Cotton Spread of Cotton Spread of Cotton

Southern Culture Southern Culture Southern Culture Southern Culture

Slavery Divides the South Slavery divides white Southerners into: Slavery divides white Southerners into: –those who have slaves –those who do not One-tenth of white families have plantations with 20 or more slaves One-tenth of white families have plantations with 20 or more slaves

Slavery Divides the South Most white Southern farmers have few or no slaves, but support slavery Most white Southern farmers have few or no slaves, but support slavery Slavery has become necessary to increase profits Slavery has become necessary to increase profits

Conditions of Slaves Conditions of Slaves Conditions of Slaves Conditions of Slaves

African-Americans in the South Slavery divides African-American Southerners into: Slavery divides African-American Southerners into: –those who are enslaved –those who are free Enslaved African-Americans are one- third of South’s population (1840) Enslaved African-Americans are one- third of South’s population (1840)

African-Americans in the South Most work on plantations, while some work as domestic servants or craftsmen Most work on plantations, while some work as domestic servants or craftsmen 8 percent of African-Americans in South are free (1840) 8 percent of African-Americans in South are free (1840)

Slave Rebellions Nat Turner leads famous slave rebellion, in Virginia (1831) Nat Turner leads famous slave rebellion, in Virginia (1831) Turner and his followers kill 55 white people Turner and his followers kill 55 white people Turner’s men are captured and 16 are killed. Turner is caught, tried, and hanged Turner’s men are captured and 16 are killed. Turner is caught, tried, and hanged

Slave Rebellions Rebellion spreads fear in South Rebellion spreads fear in South Pass harsh laws to control enslaved and free African- Americans Pass harsh laws to control enslaved and free African- Americans

Sectional Tensions Increase Sectionalism—loyalty to section of a country rather than to the nation Sectionalism—loyalty to section of a country rather than to the nation South relies on cotton and slaves; northeast on manufacturing and trade South relies on cotton and slaves; northeast on manufacturing and trade In the West, settlers want cheap land and good transportation In the West, settlers want cheap land and good transportation

Sectional Tensions Increase Interests in these sections often conflict Interests in these sections often conflict Missouri applies for statehood (1817), people in the state want slavery Missouri applies for statehood (1817), people in the state want slavery

Sectional Tensions Increase U.S. has 11 slave states, 11 free states U.S. has 11 slave states, 11 free states Adding Missouri as slave state would upset balance of power Adding Missouri as slave state would upset balance of power

Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise Nation argues over admitting Missouri as slave state or free state Nation argues over admitting Missouri as slave state or free state Henry Clay suggests the Missouri Compromise (1820): Henry Clay suggests the Missouri Compromise (1820): –1. admits Missouri as slave state

The Missouri Compromise 2. admits Maine as free state 2. admits Maine as free state 3. bans slavery in Louisiana Territory north of parallel 36º 30’ 3. bans slavery in Louisiana Territory north of parallel 36º 30’ 4. keeps balance of power between slave states and free states 4. keeps balance of power between slave states and free states