Isolation & Exploration

Encouraging Exploration  Renaissance encouraged adventure & curiosity  Europeans seek greater wealth  Looked for spices & luxury goods  Nutmeg  Cinnamon  Ginger  Pepper  Add spices to bland food  Charged merchants high prices

Encouraging Exploration  Spread of Christianity  Crusades ( ) left hostility between Christians & Muslims  Christians wanted to continue the fight to convert non-Christians  Bartolomeu Dias  Portuguese explorer  “Serve God, His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness…and to grow rich”

Technological Advances  Newly designed ships for longer voyages  Caravel  Triangular sails  Worked against the wind  Astrolabe – invented by Muslims  Brass ring with marked degrees  Use the ring & stars to mark distances from the equator  Magnetic compass  Invented by the Chinese

Label the Map  On the Blank Map provided you must Label the following explorers routes:  Dias  DaGama  Magellan  Columbus  Cabot  Hudson  Cabral

 Get out a Blank – Half Sheet of Paper  Put Your Name on it, date, period  Number it like so…… After the Quiz, we will take notes –again!

 1. What did Christopher Columbus’ brother do for a living?  2. Where was Columbus born?  3. What country did Columbus swim to when his ship was ambushed by pirates?  4. What country funded his voyage to the new world?  5. What were the 3 ships he travelled with?

 Get out your maps from yesterday, and your notebooks too…

Label the Map – Part II On the Blank Map provided you must List in the margins - Where Each Explorer was from: Dias DaGama Magellan Columbus Cabot Hudson Cabral Vespucci Verrazano Pizzaro Cortes

Make a CHART LIKE THIS: ?!

As you watch the Video… on a New Page in your Notebook…  ? And !  You will do 3 of each… 6 total.  When you put a ! You are making an AHA! Connection, as if to say – “I didn’t know that Columbus listened to Justin Beaver’s Christmas!”  When you put a ? – You are asking a question to the videographer, as if to say – “What did you mean when you said that Columbus was good for the people, but bad for mankind?”

Competition for Trade

Portugal Leads the Way  Prince Henry supported trade  Helped conquer north African cities  Saw the wealth that lay beyond Europe  Portugal had trade ports in West Africa  Traded goods for gold and ivory  Portuguese sailors reach Asia (India)  Captain Bartolomeu Dias (1487) sailed to the tip of Africa  Storms blew the ships around the tip  Tried to reach India but supplies were low  1498 Vasco da Gama reached the port of Calicut (India)  27,000 Miles

Spain Competes with Portugal  Spanish were jealous of Portuguese  Christopher Columbus  Believed he could reach India faster by sailing west  Reached the Caribbean islands in October, 1492  Spain believed they reached India first  Upset Portugal and created competition

Treaty of Tordesillas  Spain & Portugal prepared for war as competition grew  Pope Alexander VI  Met with both nations to calm behaviors  Developed a Line of Demarcation  A line directly down the center of the Atlantic Ocean  All lands west of the line belonged to Spain  All land east of the line belonged to Portugal  The treaty showed agreement to obey the line

New Trading Empires

Trading in the Indian Ocean  Da Gama’s voyage opens sea trading with Asia  Violence erupts  Countries battle for possession of Asian ports  Asian people battle new explorers

Portugal’s Trading Empire  Established circa 1500  Built relationships throughout the Indian Ocean area  Took control of spices from Muslim merchants  Defeated Muslim & Italian stronghold on Asian trade  Gained control of Spice Islands  Spice-rich lands outside the East Indies

Portugal Trading  Reached Japan in 1543  Shipwrecked sailors washed ashore  Portuguese merchants soon followed  Asians were curious of newcomers  Goods impact cultures  Clocks  Eyeglasses  Tobacco  Firearms  Japanese change from using swords to muskets & cannons  Allowed for the building of forts  Small towns built outside of forts

Dutch Trading & Cultural Impact

Dutch Take Over  Portuguese driven out of East Indies  Dutch trading takes over  People of the Netherlands  Became sea trading power by 1600  20,000 Ships for trading  Dutch East India Trading Company  Established in Asia  Mint Money  Make trade treaties  Protected by their own army  Dominated England & Portugal trading

Dutch Grow Trade  Capture Spice Islands in 1619  Amsterdam becomes a leading commercial center by 1600s  Dutch controlled much of Asia & Cape of Good Hope  Located in South Africa

Impact on Asian Culture  Effects of European trade was limited  Asians worked to limit influence of new trade  China & Japan tried to maintain their culture  Christian Missionaries  1549 Christian missionaries arrive in Japan  Japanese associate missionaries with muskets & other goods they wanted  300,000 Japanese converted to Christianity by 1600  Japan worked for almost 40 years to rid Japan of Christians

Impact (Cont)  Closed country policy  Persecution of Christians led to closed door policy  Did not agree with European ideas  Did like their technology  Shoguns sealed the country by 1639  Closed country policy