The Modern Consciousness Science, Politics & the Arts Mr. Johnson World History Self-Portrait in Striped T-Shirt – Henri Matisse Created by Mr. Johnson

Objectives 7.02 – Examine the causes and effects of scientific revolutions and cite their major costs and benefits – Trace developments in literary, artistic, and religious traditions over time as legacies of past societies or as cultural innovations – Classify within the broad patterns of history those events that may be viewed as turning points.

Key Terms Charles Darwin Evolution & Natural Selection Social Darwinism & Racism Albert Einstein Relativity Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Marie Curie Radioactivity Nuclear physics Big Bang Theory Sigmund Freud Unconscious mind Psychoanalysis Carl Jung Archetypes Pavlov’s Dog Religious backlash stream of consciousness Impressionism Post-Impressionism Symbolism Cubism Dada Surrealism

Major Themes Technology & Mass Culture everyone doing the same thing Relativism & uncertainty nothing is absolute Secularism emphasis on science and reason, not religion Irrationality & the unconscious we do thing for reasons we don’t realize Religious backlash modern society is undermines faith in God

Mass Media

Technology & Mass Culture Radio Film Used by democracies & totalitarian states alike

FDR’s Fireside Chats

Triumph of the Will (1937)

Spectator Sports

Advertising & Marketing

Biology

Evolution Charles Darwin Beagle & Galapagos Islands Natural selection – “survival of the fittest” The Origin of Species (1859) The Descent of Man (1871)

Scopes Trial Religious Backlash

Social Darwinism Racial/national “survival of the fittest” German General Friedrich von Bernhardi: “War is a biological necessity… since without it an unhealthy development will follow… War is the father of all things.” Aryanism & Eugenics – Nazi Germany

DNA Watson & Crick Double-helix Blueprint for human life

Physics & Astronomy

Theoretical Physics Einstein –Theory of Relativity (1905) –Time and space are not absolute, but relative to the observer

Theoretical Physics Werner Heisenberg –“Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle” –The exact location and speed of subatomic particles cannot be exactly determined, only measured in probability –The act of observing alters the thing being measured… so not all things can be known

Radioactivity & Nuclear Physics Marie Curie – radioactivity Robert Oppenheimer – the atomic bomb

Astronomy The universe is much larger than previously believed, perhaps even infinite Earth, therefore, is a “mere grain of sand on a beach” Big Bang Theory – origins of the universe

The New Science: Psychology

Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Human behavior and thought is not rational, but, like all animals, instinctive the unconscious mind – sex & aggression Repressed memories and urges Allowing patients to heal themselves through guided talking

Psychoanalysis Conscious – rational mind Preconscious – accessible memories Unconscious – bulk of the mind; memories that we cannot recall at will, but which still affect our thoughts & behavior Id (“it”) – inborn biological drives, immediate gratification Ego (“I”) – makes us act in socially acceptable ways; arguing a point rather than fighting Superego (“over the I”) – conscience, sense of right and wrong

Archetypes & Symbolism Carl Jung Collective Unconscious – memories passed down from generation to generation Archetypes –Self –God –Mother –Persona/Mask –Personalities: introverts/extraverts

Archetypes Hero vs. Villain Wise Old Man God/Spiritual Force Journey/ Adventure

Behaviorism Pavlov – conditioning “Pavlov’s Dog” Military applications

Politics & International Affairs

Great Depression

Two World Wars

Art & Literature

Literature James Joyce – Ulysses – stream of consciousness Hermann Hesse – Siddhartha, Steppenwolf – search for the self

Review

Assignment Five minutes With a partner, reorganize your notes, putting three examples under each of today’s themes: –Technology & Mass Culture –Relativism & Uncertainty –Secularism –Irrationality & the Unconscious –Religious Backlash

Identify the picture and explain its significance to the Modern Consciousness. Identification Assignment Name: ______________________ Date:______________________ Period:______________________

The Modern Consciousness Relativism & uncertainty nothing is absolute Secularism emphasis on science, not religion Irrationality & the unconscious Religious backlash Technology & Mass Culture Biology Physics & Astronomy Psychology Politics & International Affairs Art & Literature