The Southern Colonies The slave colonies

Virginia Named after the Virgin Queen (Queen Elizabeth) Main Crop: Tobacco Reason settled: MONEY!!! City of Mention: Jamestown Relations with Native Americans: Good at first b/c of Powhatan and his daughter Pocahontas but then the relationship soured

The Carolinas North and South Carolina

Settling the “Lower South”

The West Indies  Way Station to Mainland America 1670  a group of small English farmers from the West Indies arrived in Carolina. Were squeezed out by sugar barons. Brought a few black slaves and a model of the Barbados slave code with them. Slavery was heritable Masters can do as they please – including mutilation and burning alive The King Charles II granted Carolina to 8 supporters [Lord Proprietors]. They hoped to use Carolina to supply their plantations in Barbados with food and export wine, silk, and olive oil to Europe. The Barbados Slave Code of 1661 was the English legal code set up to provide a legal base for slavery in the Caribbean island of Barbados. It required that slave owners dress their slaves. However, it also denied slaves even basic rights guaranteed under English common law such as the right to life. It allowed the slaves' owners to do entirely as they wished to their slaves, including mutilating them and burning them alive, without fear of reprisal. This code was adopted by South Carolina in 1696, and formed the basic outline for slavery in the British North American colonies. The legal basis for slavery was established in Mexico in 1636 and in Virigina is 1662. These statutes created the status of chattel slave for those of African descent, i.e. they were slaves for life and the status of slave was heritable. Slave status passed to through the mother in these statutes. for example, Virginia's 1662 statute was as follows: 1662: "All children borne in this country shall be held bond or free only according to the condition of the mother." Hening, William Waller. The Statutes at Large, Being a Collection of All the Laws of Virginia from the Third Session of the Legislature in the Year 1619. 13 vols. Richmond: W. Gray Printers, 1819. 3:252 View More Summaries on Barba What does this mean?

Colonizing the Carolinas Carolina developed close economic ties to the West Indies. Many Carolinian settlers were originally from the West Indies. They used local Savannah Indians to enslave other Indians [about 10,000] and send them to the West Indies [and some to New England]. 1707  Savannah Indians decided to migrate to PA. Why? Who lived in PN? PA promised better relations with whites. Carolinians decided to “thin” the Savannahs before they could leave  bloody raids killed most of them by 1710. Why do you think they would do this? Why did they want to thin them out?

Port of Charles Town, SC Named for King Charles II of England. Became the busiest port in the South. Many slaves were taken through this port City with aristocratic feel. Religious toleration attracted diverse inhabitants. What does aristocratic mean?

American Long Grain Rice Crops of the Carolinas: Rice The primary export. Rice was still an exotic food in England. Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves. These slaves had a genetic trait that made them partially immune to malaria. By 1710  black slaves were a majority in Carolina. American Long Grain Rice

Crops of the Carolinas: Indigo In colonial times, the main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven into cloth for clothes. Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.

Rice & Indigo Exports from SC & GA: 1698-1775

Crops of the Carolinas: Tobacco Used slave labor Tobacco

Crops of the Carolinas: Cotton Later cotton became an important crop

Slave Labor Many slaves were almost immediately put to work in South Carolina's There was no harder, or more unhealthy, work possible than working in a rice field: “negroes, anckle and even mid-leg deep in water which floats an ouzy mud, and exposed all the while to a burning sun which makes the very air they breathe hotter than the human blood; these poor wretches are then in a furness of stinking putrid effluvia: a more horrible employment can hardly be imagined.” 2 out of every 3 African-American children on rice plantations failed to reach their sixteenth birthday one out of every three slave children on the cotton plantations died before reaching the age of 16, nearly over 1/3of all slave children died before their 1st birthday.

The Emergence of North Carolina Northern part of Carolina shared a border with VA VA dominated by aristocratic planters who were generally Church of England members. People moved from VA moved south to northern Carolina. Poor farmers with little need for slaves. Religious dissenters. Distinctive traits of North Carolinians Irreligious & hospitable to pirates. Strong spirit of resistance to authority. 1712  NC officially separated from SC. What is the Church of England? Home to Blackbeard

Conflict With Spanish Florida Catholic Spain hated all of the Protestants on their borders (in the Carolinas). Anglo-Spanish Wars The Spanish conducted border raids on Carolina. Either inciting local Native Americans to attack or attacking themselves. By 1700  Carolina was too strong to be wiped out by the Spanish! What is an example of a Protestant?

Georgia The Buffer Colony

18c Southern Colonies

Late-Coming Georgia Founded in 1733. Last of the 13 colonies. Named in honor of King George II. Founded by James Oglethorpe.

Georgia--The “Buffer” Colony James Oglethorpe created Georgia Main Reason for Creating Georgia: As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana. Received subsidies from British govt. to offset costs of defense. Export silk and wine. A haven for debtors thrown in to prison. Determined to keep slavery out! Slavery found in GA by 1750. Slavery and alcohol were originally prohibited. Slavery and alcohol were originally prohibited.

The Port City of Savannah John Wesley was the founder of Methodism Diverse community. All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration. Missionaries worked among debtors and Indians  most famous was John Wesley. (he founded Methodism)

How did the slaves get here? Triangular Trade Middle Passage