OPPURTUNITIES IN INDIAN INFRASTRUCTURE M. VENKATARAMAN, Advisor, GWRL Engineered Solution Provider in Geosynthetics OPPURTUNITIES IN INDIAN INFRASTRUCTURE WITH GEOSYNTHETICS By M. VENKATARAMAN, Advisor, GWRL

NEW CHALLENGES In recent years, while providing a solution, the Engineer has to face increased challenges: Various site constraints like space, alignments etc. Tight time schedules Ensure max. usage of local resources (Material & Manpower), hence Cost effective!! Least environment impact Long term performance & higher Cost benefit ratio over a larger period of time (Least maintenance cost) M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

SOLUTION !!! USE OF APPROPRIATE GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS OFFERS THE POSSIBILITY TO SOLVE OR DRASTICALLY REDUCE THE PROBLEMS M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

INTRODUCTION TO GEOSYNTHETICS Geosynthetics – a planar product manufactured from polymeric materials used with rock, earth, or other geotechnical engineering related material as an integral part of a human-made project, structure, or system. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

GEOSYNTHETICS CONCRETE & STEEL GEOSYNTHETICS M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

FUNCTIONS OF GEOSYNTHETICS Separation Filtration Reinforcement Drainage Containment M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

Geogrids (Uniaxial &Biaxial) Geosynthetic Clay Liners OUR PRODUCT RANGE Geogrids (Uniaxial &Biaxial) Geotextiles Nonwoven Woven Geosynthetic Clay Liners Geonet Geomembranes M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

OUR PRODUCT RANGE Gabions PVD Steel Wire Polymer Rope Anco Drain Boulder Net GARMAT M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

OUR KEY SECTORS GEOSYNTHETICS DIVN. ENV.PROTECTION INFRASTRUCTURE ROADS LANDFILL ENGINEERING RAILWAYS COASTAL PROTECTION GROUND IMPROVEMENT ROCKFALL PROTECTION CANAL LINING FLOOD CONTROL M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

PRODUCTS & THEIR APPLICATIONS M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

PRODUCT & APPLICATION Steel Wire Gabions and Mattresses Form a variety of Monolithic Structures when filled with boulders. Find application as Retaining walls, Erosion and scour protection works, Hydraulic / Coastal structures for River and Channel Protection like Weirs, Check Dams, Groynes, etc. PP Rope Gabions and Mattresses Collapsible Sausages used in Underwater Applications to form structures like breakwaters, seawalls, groynes, and aprons. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

PRODUCT & APPLICATION Steel Wire Rope Nets Rockfall Protection System used on high cuttings. Woven Multifilament Geotextiles Used as Separator and filter in roads and railways. Used as reinforcement in Ground Improvement and Reinforced Slopes. Made into Geotextile Tubes, Containers and Bags for use in shore and bank protection works as groynes, breakwaters, sea walls, etc. Geomat (Mulch mat) Promotes micro-reinforced vegetation and effectively controls erosion of top soil. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

PRODUCT & APPLICATION Uniaxial Geogrids Biaxial Geogrids Characterized by High Strength at low strain along the principal direction; Used in Reinforced soil structures. Biaxial Geogrids Structural performance by interlocking mechanism; Possess high aperture stability and junction strength; Used in ground stabilization, pavements and trackbed stabilization. Nonwoven Geotextiles Used as drainage layer, geomembrane protection layer and filter. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

PRODUCT & APPLICATION HDPE Geomembranes Geosynthetic Clay Liners Impermeable sheets used as barriers to liquid and vapors; Finds application in landfills, canal lining, reservoir lining, gypsum pond lining, etc. Geosynthetic Clay Liners Consists of a continuous layer of natural sodium bentonite powder, sandwiched between geotextiles; Acts as hydraulic barrier. Geonets Net like structure exclusively used for their in-plane drainage function. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

WOVEN GEOTEXTILES Filter - Woven geotextiles Woven Geotextile - Separator (Thane, Mumbai) Geogrid Wraparound Wall at CH. 48 KM & CH. 50 KM, Lucknow - Muzaffarpur National Highway Project Filter - Woven geotextiles M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

WOVEN GEOTEXTILES Reinforcement, Vishakapatnam Airport, Andhra Pradesh Separator - Approach Embankment for Bridge across Vasista, Godavari at Chinchinada, A.P. (N H 5A)3 M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

Shankarpur to Halda, West Bengal, India WOVEN GEOTEXTILES Filter Material GEOTEXTILE TUBE - SHORE PROTECTION Geotextile Tube HWL Geotextile Bags Woven Geotextile Shore Protection Works : Shankarpur to Halda, West Bengal, India Geotextile Bags – Toe Protection Geotextile Tube Geotextile Bags After installation - During High Tide M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd., NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILES Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd., Vishakapatnam Protection Layer, Doodhganga Canal Project, Kolhapur, Maharashtra M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

Protection Layer in Landfills, HZL, Visakhapatnam, A.P NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILES Protection Layer in Landfills, HZL, Visakhapatnam, A.P M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

UNIAXIAL GEOGRIDS Tensar® Geogrid Reinforced Soil Wall System at CSEB, RS Wall with Gabion Facia and Geogrid as reinforcement at Bellary, Karnataka) Tensar® Geogrid Reinforced Soil Wall System at CSEB, – Inner Side View, towards deck slab (Korba, India) M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

UNIAXIAL GEOGRIDS Geogrid Wraparound Wall at CH. 48 KM & CH. 50 KM, Lucknow - Muzaffarpur National Highway Project M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

BIAXIAL GEOGRIDS Installation of Tensar SSLA30 Biaxial Geogrid at ballast level (Kazipet-Ballarshah section,, South Central Railway) Subgrade Stabilization using Tensar Biaxial Geogrids Talasari - Udhava Major Dist. Road, PWD, Maharashtra M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

Ground Improvement for Tank Foundation, HPCL, Mundra, Gujarat BIAXIAL GEOGRIDS Ground Improvement for Tank Foundation, HPCL, Mundra, Gujarat M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

HDPE GEOMEMBRANE Doodhganga Canal Project (Kolhapur, Maharashtra) Reservoir Lining, Finolex Industries, Maharashtra Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd., Vishakapatnam M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

Landfill, HZL Visakhapatnam, A.P HDPE GEOMEMBRANE PCMC Landfill, Pune Landfill, HZL Visakhapatnam, A.P M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

Groynes - Varsoli Creek, Alibaug, Maharashtra POLYMER ROPE GABIONS Shore Erosion - Swaminarayan Temple, Gujarat, India Groynes - Varsoli Creek, Alibaug, Maharashtra M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

Narmada Bank Protection Works, Madhi, Gujarat POLYMER ROPE GABIONS Revetment - Anti Erosion Sea Bund Morbhagwa, Gujarat, India Narmada Bank Protection Works, Madhi, Gujarat M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

Gabion Retaining Wall – Lavasa STEEL GABIONS Reinforced Soil System with Gabion Facia, MRPL, Mangalore Gabion Facia GarmatTM Reinforced Soil Gabion Retaining Wall – Lavasa Slope Retention works at Sakleshpur – Subhramanya Road Section, South Western Railways, Mysore Division M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

Toe Protection Works – Central Railways STEEL GABIONS Abutment Protection Works, JJKR Section & DKB Line, East Coast Railways Bridge Abutment, Central Railways, Mumbai Division Toe Protection Works – Central Railways M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

Bank Protection, Gujarat STEEL GABIONS Flood Protection Works, Mula River, Pune Tapi River Bank Protection under Construction using Steel Gabions, Barimata, Surat, Gujarat) Bank Protection, Gujarat M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

STEEL GABIONS Jetty, Gujarat Gabion Mattresses in Revetments, HCC Teesta M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

GarmatTM Erosion Control Mat (Mahanadi Coal Fields, Talcher, Orissa) (HZL, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh) GarmatTM Erosion Control Mat (Mahanadi Coal Fields, Talcher, Orissa) Before After M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

ANCO DRAIN Anco Drain Anco Drain MRPL, Mangalore M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Properties : Polymer Composition, Structure & Physical Properties Mechanical Properties Hydraulic Properties Survivability Installation Practices UV Resistance M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Present Scenario: For any application, the technical specification includes all the properties irrespective of the function to be satisfied It is significant to specify the properties essential for the function Eg: For Reinforcement application It is more relevant to specify long-term strength and strength at 2% and 5% strain rather than Ultimate Strength M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Dictates the exact materials and processes to be used in a project No guarantee that the best available product is delivered They focus on the Process and not on the Final Output (Performance) M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product FUNCTIONS PROPERTIES Separation AOS Filtration AOS & Permittivity Drainage AOS & In-Plane Permeability Reinforcement Tensile Strength, Secant Modulus M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS Mechanism of Working Lateral Restraint thro’ Better Confinement and Interlocking M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product Rib Thickness & Shape Aperture Size & Shape M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

Junction Strength & Rigidity GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product Junction Strength & Rigidity Junction Efficiency Aperture Rigidity Radial Stiffness Secant Modulus M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS (PRS) Performance specifications describe how the finished product should perform over time It is the bridge between design, construction quality, and long-term product performance Specifications that use quantified quality characteristics and life cycle cost relationships correlated to product performance. M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS (PRS) Performance Parameters – Depends on the Product and the application Governing Factors End Result Elements: - Bearing capacity, stability, settlements, cracking, etc., Functional Requirements: Smoothness, friction, etc., M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS Fundamental Requirements: Critical Quality Characteristics Measurable and tied to product performance Prediction Tools (modelling and databases) Verified, calibrated, validated, and made appropriate for local conditions Life Cycle Cost Analyses (LCCA) To compare the as-designed product section to the as-built section M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS Benefits Improved link between Design and Construction Improved and focused testing on characteristics related to performance Promoting best practices to improve quality Improving Flexibility, Efficiency and Value of the system M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS Benefits Adding private sector innovation Allow contractors more freedom to implement their own procedures, choose their own equipment, and conduct site-specific process control programs Transferring risk away from the owner M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS Barriers Determining good performance criteria and measures Potential impacts to contractors performance bonds A drastic change in corporate culture Openness and Trust Change of Industry mind set Focus on solution rather services Delivery driven by value not cost M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

WORLDWIDE SCENARIO Premier Institutes and Agencies implementing PRS FHWA AASHTO European Union UK DOT, California (Caltrans) Winconsin, DOT experienced 36% improvement in highway ride quality & 10% savings in LCC using PRS in Pavements M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

Establish Performance Related Specifications ROAD MAP TO THE FUTURE VISION Better translation of design and performance requirements into specifications MISSION Establish Performance Related Specifications M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

Freedom to innovate with accountability to deliver ROAD MAP TO THE FUTURE GOALS Identify relationships that link design and construction with product performance Develop and Implement Performance Specifications DRIVING FORCE Freedom to innovate with accountability to deliver M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

REFERENCES Performance Specifications Strategic Road Map, 2004 http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/construction/pssr04tc.cfm Developing Performance Specifications - Consultation response analysis report, January 2004 http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/3060.aspx M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

REFERENCES INF02 Adopt Performance and Warranty Specifications to Improve the Quality of Highway Construction http://cpr.ca.gov/CPR_Report/Issues_and_Recommendations/Chapter_4_Infrastructure/INF02.html M.Venkataraman, GWRL.

THANK YOU M.Venkataraman Garware-Wall Ropes Ltd. Advisor, Geosynthetics Division, Garware-Wall Ropes Ltd. Plot No. 11, Block D-1, M.I.D.C. Chinchwad, Pune- 411019, India. Phone: + 91-20-30780000, 30780150 Fax: + 91-20-30780350. Email : geo@garwareropes.com mvenkatraman@garwareropes.com Website : www.garwareropes.com M.Venkataraman, GWRL.