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 Represents the biodiesel industry as the coordinating body for research and development in the United States.  Founded in 1992 by state soybean commodity groups.  Today NBB’s membership is comprised of state, national, and international feedstock and feedstock processor organizations, biodiesel suppliers, fuel marketers and distributors, and technology providers. The National Biodiesel Board

Biodiesel’s Current Status

Official IRS and EPA definition – goes to fuel quality. Biodiesel, n. -- a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements of ASTM D 6751.

General Biodiesel Concepts  Biodiesel can be used in any concentration with petroleum- based diesel fuel in existing diesel engines with little or no modification.  Biodiesel is not raw vegetable oil! — Biodiesel must be produced by a chemical process that removes glycerin from the oil.

Potential New Sources Brassica Juncea Low Ricin Castor Algae Jatropha

Biodiesel Attributes  Blends with petrodiesel in any percentage —Once it is blended it does not separate back out  Higher Cetane —Over 50 vs. average petrodiesel around 44 —Smoother, more complete burn  High Flash Point Makes it Safer —Non hazardous shipping (over 200° F)  Virtually Zero Sulfur —Meets ULSD limits of 15 ppm or less  Zero Aromatics Reduces Toxicity  Superior Lubricity with ULSD and Reduces Black Smoke (Particulates)  BTU level about 1.8% less at a B20 blend  Potential Cold Flow Concerns

Lifecycle Analysis Biodiesel captures and stores energy from the sun - For every unit of energy used in its production, biodiesel returns 4.5 units of energy stored in liquid fuel. Biodiesel reduces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, by 78% over the life of the fuel’s production.

Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) & Lubricity  Sulfur compounds are natural lubricants in diesel.  ULSD regulations are causing concerns with diesel engine lubricity performance. Maximum WSD is 520 microns. % Biodiesel Results (microns) #2 ULSDnone 580 B2278 B5260 #1 ULSDnone 680 B2380

Emissions & Health Emission TypeB20B2 Total Unburned Hydrocarbons-20%-2.2% Carbon Monoxide-12%-1.3% Particulate Matter-12%-1.3% Oxides of Nitrogen (NO X )+/-2%+/-.2% MSHA (US Department of Labor – Mining Safety and Health Administration) recognizes biodiesel as the least expensive means for reducing underground worker exposure to DPM – this is a direct worker health issue

MSHA compliance samples, EC Elemental Carbon, EC, µg/m Year Standard D2 99% Biodiesel

Biodiesel Use - Nationally Airports Construction Schools Businesses Underground Mining State, City, County, and Federal Government Pro Sports Colleges/Universities Utilities

Case Study: St. Johns Schools, Michigan  Michigan school district has used B20 since 2002  3 million miles on B20  Maintenance records showed fewer oil changes needed and money saved

 Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005 enacted original Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS – 1) — did not contain specific renewable requirement for diesel fuel just total gallons — also confined to transportation fuel  Energy Investment and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 (RFS – 2) — created a renewable fuel program for the diesel pool of at least 1 BGY by 2012 and beyond — established set criteria for total life- cycle analysis RFS–1 & RFS–2 Background

RFS-2 & RINs  RINs are used to track biofuel consumption in the nation’s fuel supply by ‘obligated parties’ such as Exxon, ConocoPhillips, etc.  RINs, depending upon which category the biofuel is consumed in, has value ($$$)  This value can be used to potentially offset the cost of biodiesel RFS-2 & RINs

RFS-2 and Biodiesel (to 2022) Under the proposed RFS2, biodiesel for most non- road uses will be able to generate RINs and now includes non-road, locomotive and marine diesel. FY 2011 – 800 million gallons of biodiesel required by ‘obligated parties’

Very Basic Biodiesel Production Process (Catalyst: potassium or sodium hydroxide) 100 pounds + 10 pounds = 10 pounds pounds Triglyceride Alcohol Glycerin Mono-Alkyl Ester (Soy oil) (Methanol) (Biodiesel)

Biodiesel Production Process – “Real World”

2)Biodiesel and Engine Warranties 3)Performance in Cold Weather 4)Filter Plugging (e.g., High Blends, Bad Biodiesel) 5) Lubricity with ULSD #1 Concern of Fleet Managers, Operators, Users = Fuel Quality

Fuel Quality & Standards Industry-wide Fuel Quality Program BQ-9000 (  Insures for “supply-chain management” (from feedstock through fuel use) ASTM Specifications exist for:  B5 and lower  B6 to B20  B100 (ASTM D ) Performance -based Standards

ASTM Specification - D6751

Biodiesel Certificate from a distributor to the final end-user “Producer is registered as a biodiesel producer with registration number AB. Producer’s registration has not been suspended or revoked by the Internal Revenue Service.” Producer certifies that the biodiesel to which this certificate relates is monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from plant or animal matter that meets the requirements of the American Society of Testing and Materials D6751 and the registration requirements for fuels and fuel additives established by EPA under section 211 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545).

Supply Chain Management  Preserve the quality of the finished fuel  Hand-offs can cause the “biodiesel ball to be fumbled”

 A voluntary quality system certification program for the North American biodiesel industry  Applies internationally accepted quality management principles  Incorporates fuel specifications  Uses a series of audits to verify adherence to the company’s own quality management system BQ

Case Study: NYC Dept. of Sanitation  Uses biodiesel blends (B5 to B20) in 4,000 vehicles  Garbage trucks pull double duty for snow removal Dept. requires BQ- 9000

 All major U.S. OEMs support at least B5 and lower blends, provided they are made with biodiesel meeting ASTM D 6751  Most OEMs recommending use of BQ-9000  More than 55% of U.S. manufacturers now support B20 or higher blends in at least some of their equipment  Several more OEMs completing testing toward B20 support OEM Warranty Statements & Biodiesel

 Blend economics (i.e. petroleum prices)  Feedstock availability (i.e. supplies)  Maintaining federal legislation  Sound scientific approach to national and global issues  Consumer confidence Sustainable Industry Growth Brassica Juncea