Wind / PV / Diesel in Off-grid: Lessons learned Best Practices MAYO 2015

Project: Galapagos Wind + Diesel description 3 x Gamesa’s Made AE59-800kW integrated to an existing system 3 diesel gensets each aprx 600kW 2,4MW wind / 1.8 MW diesel Commissioned october 2007 Scope for Gamesa: WTG installation, Diesel Integration , Grid/generation Control, Communications, Scada 2

Project: Galapagos Wind + Diesel achievements Very low winds (ecuator) penetration levels : annual 31%, monthly up to 60% , peak up to 80% 92% availability,22GWh in 7 years small, remote wind farm operated by Customer after warranty period Full wind power Restrictions on : minimum loads for diesel (20%) and Reactive power demand on the system 3

Galapagos Project Scope of Supply System Components : Generic Offgrid Project Galapagos Project Scope of Supply NEW EQUIPMENT: Scope Gamesa Offgrid Existing System Diesel + Consumer CONSUMER eg. Mining/ Residential Gen set (diesel) WIND SOLAR PV + Wind Forecast SOLAR PV PANELS Inverter PV + PV Forecast Wind/PV/ Diesel/ Battery GRID CONTROL CONTROL DE MICRORED External equipment, Specified & purchased by Gamesa Internal equipment Designed & Manufactured by Gamesa STATCOM / ULTRACAPS / FLYWHEEL Inverter Grid Control is key to integrate Maximum amount of Renewable Energy into the System Inverter BATTERY OPTIONAL STORAGE (eg Battery) GRID INTEGRATION EQUIPMENT

proposed best practice Our lessons learned proposed best practice Plant Design is Key for success – Do incremental Steps Involve technology supplier …Early Start Measuring Wind …Early Allow Curtailable Loads Forecast (Wind+PV) is essential tool Single contract . Ensure coordination, avoid interfaces 5

Plant design is key for success Do incremental Steps Step1- Energy analysis (1h /10min data) Scenarios installed RE (Wind / PV) power – penetration, energy curtailed, Obtain initial Cost of Electricity, & dimensioning Step2- Grid Stability – Dynamic Analysis Grid integration equipment (freq/volt regulation) Validate whole system electrical model Events & faults simulation 6

Consultant and Technology Suppliers iterations save $$$ and time Involve technology supplier(s) …early Often too stiff specifications  expensive to comply Example: overspecification in Project X, requires full diesel storage battery backup ( in case of one windturbine shutdown) for residential loads  result: unnecesary high Cost Electricity  final result: tender declared void 15 months and money wasted CLIENT/ OFFTAKER TECHNOLOGY SUPPLIER CONSULTANT Consultant and Technology Suppliers iterations save $$$ and time 7

Start measuring Wind …early Satellite wind data good for patterns (day, season) but not enough for absolute values Wind measurements required Min 12 months - for seasonal pattern bankability Wind often requires site measuremt. Satellite wind data good for patterns (day, season) but often not enough for absolute values Met mast measurements Start early, even at lower height Min 12 months - for seasonal pattern bankability Afterwards few months correlation at exact site and exact hub height can be bankable Start early, even at lower heights. Later it is possible correlation at exact sites and exact hub height 8

Curtailable loads have similar effect as storage, Allow curtailable loads Curtailable loads help increase penetration of renewables, increase grid stability desalination, ice making Convert loads to non-critical E.g. curtailable residential at discounted elec prices curtailable loads/short term use for grid balancing Curtailable loads have similar effect as storage, at much cheaper cost 9

Forecast (Wind / PV) is essential tool PV forecast  avoid problems with cloud passage Wind forecast  higher average variability but smaller sudden power drops Real time FORECAST is essential at OPERATION to minimize diesel genset starts/stops 10

Ensure coordination, avoid interfaces Single contractor Ensure coordination, avoid interfaces Construction&Operation  coordination of several technologies: Diesel / Wind / PV / Storage/Statcoms Avoidance several contractors fingerpointing on each contractor’s interfases EPC Engineering, Procurement, Construction Wind Solar pv Grid Controller Diesel integrat Grid Stability, Statcoms Client / Offtaker EPC Contractor / Technology Supplier Best result if single EPC Contractor is technology supplier of several sub-systems 11

Gamesa value chain in Offgrid total Value Chain in WIND, PLUS… 1 WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT EPC WIND TURBINE MANUFACTURING WIND TURBINE SERVICES 7 GW 10 GW 31.9 GW 21.2 GW Additionally, Technology Supplier on: Solar PV Inverters Inverters for Grid Integration Grid Controller & Diesel Integration EPC Contractor for Offgrid GENERAL PRESENTATION

Thank you Wind / PV / Diesel in Off-grid: Lessons learned Best Practices