2007 Virginia Farm Bureau Annual Convention Development of Low Lin and other Value-Added Soy Varieties for Virginia Dr. Katy Martin Rainey Crop Genetics Group Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences Department Virginia Tech 2007 Virginia Farm Bureau Annual Convention Development of Low Lin and other Value-Added Soy Varieties for Virginia Dr. Katy Martin Rainey Crop Genetics Group Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences Department Virginia Tech

Soybean VT F1F2F3F4F1F2F3F4 Regional Cooperative Tests Maturity Group 3 Maturity Group 4 Maturity Group 5 Maturity Group 6

Soybean VT Molecular Markers for DNA genotyping

Specialty Soybean VT TraitsTraits Value-added Soybean = Specialty SoybeanValue-added Soybean = Specialty Soybean

Specialty Soybean VT What are Specialty Soybeans? In the eyes of the buyerIn the eyes of the buyer Output traitsOutput traits Driven by consumer vs. end-user manufacturerDriven by consumer vs. end-user manufacturer Earn a premium over commodity priceEarn a premium over commodity price Usually short-termUsually short-term Cost more to produceCost more to produce Require alternative marketing and delivery channelsRequire alternative marketing and delivery channels What are Specialty Soybeans? In the eyes of the buyerIn the eyes of the buyer Output traitsOutput traits Driven by consumer vs. end-user manufacturerDriven by consumer vs. end-user manufacturer Earn a premium over commodity priceEarn a premium over commodity price Usually short-termUsually short-term Cost more to produceCost more to produce Require alternative marketing and delivery channelsRequire alternative marketing and delivery channels

Specialty Soybean VT Breeding for Specialty Traits… Selecting for yield and special traitsSelecting for yield and special traits Quality traits sometimes more important than yieldQuality traits sometimes more important than yield Resource-intensiveResource-intensive Varieties have longevityVarieties have longevity Exploit a nicheExploit a niche Germplasm is notoriously low-yielding and susceptible to disease Breeding for Specialty Traits… Selecting for yield and special traitsSelecting for yield and special traits Quality traits sometimes more important than yieldQuality traits sometimes more important than yield Resource-intensiveResource-intensive Varieties have longevityVarieties have longevity Exploit a nicheExploit a niche Germplasm is notoriously low-yielding and susceptible to disease

Edamame Bacterial Pustule

Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva)Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva) Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-gradeFood-grade Bioactive compoundsBioactive compounds Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva)Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva) Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-gradeFood-grade Bioactive compoundsBioactive compounds Specialty Soybean VT OutlineOutline

Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva)Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva) Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-gradeFood-grade Bioactive compoundsBioactive compounds Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva)Low Linolenic Fatty Acid (i.e. Vistiva) Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-gradeFood-grade Bioactive compoundsBioactive compounds trend regional concern regional niche expertise OutlineOutline

Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Specialty Soybean VT

Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Specialty Soybean VT

Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Specialty Soybean VT Maturity Group 3 Maturity Group 4 Maturity Group 5 Maturity Group 6 Currently no low lin varieties later than maturity group 3. Low lin oil must be below 3% linolenic fatty acid.

Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Specialty Soybean VT Objectives To develop a maturity group 4 low lin soybean variety, that is adapted to Virginia and the Mid-Atlantic region, with herbicide tolerance. To develop a maturity group 4 low lin soybean variety, that is adapted to Virginia and the Mid-Atlantic region, with herbicide tolerance. Promote healthier and more valuable soybean oil by elimination of need for hydrogenation. Promote healthier and more valuable soybean oil by elimination of need for hydrogenation.

Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Specialty Soybean VT Better Bean InitiativeBetter Bean Initiative Source: NC State and USB quality traits testSource: NC State and USB quality traits test Adapted germplasmAdapted germplasm Environmental influenceEnvironmental influence Better Bean InitiativeBetter Bean Initiative Source: NC State and USB quality traits testSource: NC State and USB quality traits test Adapted germplasmAdapted germplasm Environmental influenceEnvironmental influence

Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Specialty Soybean VT Better Bean InititativeBetter Bean Inititative Source: NC State and USB quality traits testSource: NC State and USB quality traits test Adapted germplasmAdapted germplasm Environmental influence=local adaptationEnvironmental influence=local adaptation Better Bean InititativeBetter Bean Inititative Source: NC State and USB quality traits testSource: NC State and USB quality traits test Adapted germplasmAdapted germplasm Environmental influence=local adaptationEnvironmental influence=local adaptation YearMeanARKYMDMOMOTNVA % Lin for Virginia Tech Variety

Low Linolenic Fatty Acid Specialty Soybean VT Local adaptation

Specialty Soybean VT V : 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid Yield Average Relative Yield 2006-VA VA KY Ranking fourth: AR, KS, KY, MD, MO, TN, VA 2007: 105%

Specialty Soybean VT V : 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid

Specialty Soybean VT V : 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid V : 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid Purple Seed Stain ResistancePurple Seed Stain Resistance Higher protein: 44.7% dryHigher protein: 44.7% dry MG VMG V Not RRNot RR  Release for 2008 V : 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid V : 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid Purple Seed Stain ResistancePurple Seed Stain Resistance Higher protein: 44.7% dryHigher protein: 44.7% dry MG VMG V Not RRNot RR  Release for 2008

Specialty Soybean VT V : 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid V : 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid Conversion to GAT herbicide tolerance with molecular markers V : 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid V : 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid Conversion to GAT herbicide tolerance with molecular markers without GAT with GAT

Specialty Soybean VT V : 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid V : 4% Linolenic Fatty Acid V Low Lin Low Saturated Mid Oleic

Specialty Soybean VT Other Low Lin lines line yield maturity % linolenic RR V yes V yes 5601T T : 107%

Specialty Soybean VT Early generation materials, non-RR, below 3% Early generation materials, non-RR, below 3% F1F2F3F4F1F2F3F4 funded by VDACS Parental varieties: Maryland NC Missouri

Specialty Soybean VT Low Linolenic Soybeans Eliminate need for hydrogenationEliminate need for hydrogenation Regional adaptation for FA contentRegional adaptation for FA content Release 4% and 3.5%RR varietiesRelease 4% and 3.5%RR varieties V GATV GAT Germplasm for other FA traitsGermplasm for other FA traits Using Molecular MarkersUsing Molecular Markers Low Linolenic Soybeans Eliminate need for hydrogenationEliminate need for hydrogenation Regional adaptation for FA contentRegional adaptation for FA content Release 4% and 3.5%RR varietiesRelease 4% and 3.5%RR varieties V GATV GAT Germplasm for other FA traitsGermplasm for other FA traits Using Molecular MarkersUsing Molecular Markers

Specialty Soybean VT Low Phytate Soybeans Reduce Phytate  Increase Available P  Reduce Phytase and Supplemental P in Feed  Reduce P in Manure Low Phytate Soybeans Reduce Phytate  Increase Available P  Reduce Phytase and Supplemental P in Feed  Reduce P in Manure

Specialty Soybean VT Low Phytate Soybeans Reduce P in Manure Low Phytate Soybeans Reduce P in Manure Chesapeake Bay watershed

Specialty Soybean VT Low Phytate Soybeans

Low Phytate Soybeans - Unique Source! Specialty Soybean VT Objectives Move the traits into high-yielding germplasm in a range of maturity groups. Move the traits into high-yielding germplasm in a range of maturity groups. Characterize traits for inheritance, germination, feed qualities, molecular markers, etc. Characterize traits for inheritance, germination, feed qualities, molecular markers, etc. In collaboration with the Maroof lab.

Data from Maroof lab, in publication Specialty Soybean VT Low Phytate Soybeans

Specialty Soybean VT Low Phytate Soybeans Yield 2006 bu/acrank TeeJay36.83 V V

Specialty Soybean VT Low Phytate Soybeans Reduces nutrient pollutionReduces nutrient pollution Unique source of trait at VTUnique source of trait at VT Several seasons away from a high-yielding varietySeveral seasons away from a high-yielding variety Marker DevelopmentMarker Development Low Phytate Soybeans Reduces nutrient pollutionReduces nutrient pollution Unique source of trait at VTUnique source of trait at VT Several seasons away from a high-yielding varietySeveral seasons away from a high-yielding variety Marker DevelopmentMarker Development

Specialty Soybean VT Food-grade Soybeans Small-seeded nattoSmall-seeded natto Large-seeded tofuLarge-seeded tofu Small-seeded nattoSmall-seeded natto Large-seeded tofuLarge-seeded tofu

Natto small-seeded soybeans Local nicheLocal niche High premiumsHigh premiums Source material within the programSource material within the program MFS-591 dominantMFS-591 dominant New traits and methods of evaluation and selectionNew traits and methods of evaluation and selection MarkersMarkers Natto small-seeded soybeans Local nicheLocal niche High premiumsHigh premiums Source material within the programSource material within the program MFS-591 dominantMFS-591 dominant New traits and methods of evaluation and selectionNew traits and methods of evaluation and selection MarkersMarkers Specialty Soybean VT

Examining new traits Water absorptionWater absorption Water Loss after steamingWater Loss after steaming Rate of water uptakeRate of water uptake Seed coat crackingSeed coat cracking Examining new traits Water absorptionWater absorption Water Loss after steamingWater Loss after steaming Rate of water uptakeRate of water uptake Seed coat crackingSeed coat cracking Specialty Soybean VT Gene vs. Environment 7 locations7 locations 2 years2 years Double Crop vs. Full SeasonDouble Crop vs. Full Season Gene vs. Environment 7 locations7 locations 2 years2 years Double Crop vs. Full SeasonDouble Crop vs. Full Season

Large-seeded soybeans Tofu, soymilk, edamameTofu, soymilk, edamame High protein and sucroseHigh protein and sucrose Lower yieldingLower yielding Organic traits ?Organic traits ? Large-seeded soybeans Tofu, soymilk, edamameTofu, soymilk, edamame High protein and sucroseHigh protein and sucrose Lower yieldingLower yielding Organic traits ?Organic traits ? Specialty Soybean VT Objective: Find new markets for existing lines

Large-seeded soybeans Specialty Soybean VT

Bioactive Compounds in Soybean Antioxidants prevent damage in the body from free radicalsAntioxidants prevent damage in the body from free radicals Isoflavones are a type of antioxidant specific to legumesIsoflavones are a type of antioxidant specific to legumes Initial data show difference between varieties in VirginiaInitial data show difference between varieties in Virginia Bioactive Compounds in Soybean Antioxidants prevent damage in the body from free radicalsAntioxidants prevent damage in the body from free radicals Isoflavones are a type of antioxidant specific to legumesIsoflavones are a type of antioxidant specific to legumes Initial data show difference between varieties in VirginiaInitial data show difference between varieties in Virginia Specialty Soybean VT funded by VDACS Prevent chronic diseases Cancer CHD Neurological Antioxidants Membrane Lipid DNA Protein oxidative stress Protect cells O 2  -, HOO  H 2 O 2, HO  Research in collaboration with Kevin Zhou, Dept Food Science and Tech.

Other Objectives: Yield !!!Yield !!! RR2YieldRR2Yield Disease ResistanceDisease Resistance EarlinessEarliness Genetic DiversityGenetic Diversity Other Objectives: Yield !!!Yield !!! RR2YieldRR2Yield Disease ResistanceDisease Resistance EarlinessEarliness Genetic DiversityGenetic Diversity

Specialty Soybean VT Specialty Soybean VT Summary Low LinolenicLow Linolenic Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-GradeFood-Grade Bioactive CompoundsBioactive Compounds Low LinolenicLow Linolenic Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-GradeFood-Grade Bioactive CompoundsBioactive Compounds

Specialty Soybean VT Specialty Soybean VT Summary - Varieties Low LinolenicLow Linolenic Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-GradeFood-Grade Bioactive CompoundsBioactive Compounds Low LinolenicLow Linolenic Low PhytateLow Phytate Food-GradeFood-Grade Bioactive CompoundsBioactive Compounds 1-2 years 5 years out ongoing preliminary

Specialty Soybean VT Specialty Soybean VT Summary - Molecular Markers Low LinolenicLow Linolenic Low PhytateLow Phytate Low LinolenicLow Linolenic Low PhytateLow Phytate could use in development Currently using for herbicide tolerance

STATUS of MARKER-ASSISTED SOYBEAN BREEDING Cultivars releasedCultivars released Public (4)Public (4) Industry (many)Industry (many) SSR markersSSR markers Public (common use)Public (common use) Industry (common use)Industry (common use) SNP markersSNP markers Public (initial use)Public (initial use) Industry (common use)Industry (common use) Cultivars releasedCultivars released Public (4)Public (4) Industry (many)Industry (many) SSR markersSSR markers Public (common use)Public (common use) Industry (common use)Industry (common use) SNP markersSNP markers Public (initial use)Public (initial use) Industry (common use)Industry (common use) $0.00 $0.50 $1.00 $1.50 $ cost / datum CURRENT SITUATION SSR SNP SSR RFLP

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements EVAREC Virginia Tech Funding Lin Barrack Glenn Buss United Soybean Board Virginia Soybean Board Mary Beahm David Cook Raymond Corbin Laura Maupin VDACS Specialty Agriculture Research Grant Jim Davis Tom Pridgen ‘Scooter’ Dunaway Dr. M.A. Saghai-Maroof and lab Dr. M.A. Saghai-Maroof and lab Bob Pitman Dr. David Holshouser Dr. David Holshouser Mark Vaughn