Healthier Buildings, Healthier People Indoor Environments Division

2 2 Indoor Environments Division: Mission Protecting the public’s health by promoting healthy environments in buildings where we live, learn and work.

3 3 Major Indoor Air Activities IAP HH protocols Asthma network Asthma disparities Rn action plan  International Partnership for Clean Indoor Air (PCIA)

4 4 Cross-Cutting Themes of Indoor Environments Division’s Programs Ambitious goal-oriented campaigns Targeted to children’s health –Partnerships with Federal Agencies, State and Local Governments, Tribes, NGOs Significant focus on Environmental Justice Communities Adaptations to Climate Change

Indoor Air

6 6 Why Indoor Air? Significant Risks –Chemicals (i.e.. formaldehyde, PCBs, lead), Pesticides, Biologicals (i.e.. mold) –Consumer products, furniture, building materials –Indoor Radon High Exposure –Concentrations usually 2-5x higher than outdoors –Up to 90% of time spent indoors (especially for children/seniors) High Economic Costs –$150 - $200B per year in lost work/school hours Unique Role –EPA is the ONLY organization dealing with environmental issues indoors in a holistic way, seeking to involve all EPA offices and consider all cross-media impacts: Regions play an important role Focus on Tribal, Children’s Health, and Environmental Justice Issues –Asthma disparities are greater in these groups –Ability to pay for low income households to fix indoor air problems (radon)

7 7 What Does the Indoor Air Program Do ? Promoting Healthy Buildings and People –Homes Indoor airPLUS for new homes – specifications to build new homes in a safe and healthy way Healthy Indoor Environment Protocols for Existing Homes Develop and Integrate IAQ policies, protocols and specifications into existing building related initiatives (Energy Efficiency, Green Buildings, DOE, HUD) Emphasis areas of Asthma, Radon, Healthy Homes –Schools - Leader in getting schools to develop and integrate effective Indoor air quality management plans –Other Building Types

8 8 What Does the Indoor Air Program Do? Emphasis within those Buildings: Radon –Lead Interagency Radon Ramp-up efforts –Coordinate State Indoor Radon Grant (SIRG) distribution to the State Radon Programs –Estimated about 900 Lives Saved Annually, 1M of 7-8M “High” Homes Fixed Asthma –Lead Children’s Health Taskforce on asthma disparities –4M people taking essential actions, Avoid 50,000+ ER visits annually, 27% of health plans support environmental management

9 9 Healthy Buildings (Homes, Schools & Workplaces)  Goals through Holistic approach to Healthy Indoor Air Quality:  Achieve major health gains and improve professional education  Foster a revolution in the design of new and renovated buildings  Stimulate nationwide action to enhance health in existing structures  Create and use innovative products, materials and technologies  Promote health conscious individual behavior and consumer awareness  Broad strategies and potential actions  Leveraging action through partnerships  Encouraging new technologies  Market incentives  Research and development  Legislation Policy and Standards  Education and Information

10 Asthma  Burden –more than 22M, including 6.8M kids:  2M ER visits and 13M missed school days annually  Significant disparities/underserved population  Environmental triggers –major risk factors:  ETS, mold, dust mites, pets, pests, NO 2  outdoor ozone and PM

11 Asthma Multi-faceted program: –Public Service Advertising Campaigns –Health care / Health plan partnerships –Communities in Action – network of community-based programs and NGOs –Partnership with CDC Program Results: –4M people taking essential actions –Avoid 50,000+ ER visits annually –400+ community-based programs in Network –27% of health plans support environmental management –2000+ health care professionals trained annually

12 Asthma Disparities GOALS: Target effective Public Health Practice and Interventions towards disproportionately impacted populations Advance Policy initiatives to improve services for underserved populations. Execute a collaborative Research Agenda to improve our understanding of asthma onset prevention actions and reduce poor asthma health outcomes in disproportionately at-risk populations.

13 Radon About 21,000 Lung Cancer Deaths/Year – 13% of All U.S. Lung Cancer Deaths – Leading Cause Among Non-Smokers 1 in 15 Homes above Action Level Two Ways to Achieve Risk Reduction – Build New Homes Radon-Resistant $80K Cost/Life – Mitigate Existing Homes $400K Cost/Life

14 Notable Progress - Huge Risk Gap 2 Million Homes Now Radon Resistant 1 Million Homes Have Been Mitigated Saving 800 Lives Annually Creative EPA Outreach Fights Indifference Industry and States Marginal but Motivated

15 Still a Long Way to Go Federal Radon Action Plan-Working with other Federal Agencies at a High Level to address Radon. Still the Leading environmental cause of cancer mortality After 25 years the problem is worse than when we started The poor face significant challenges addressing Radon - the 2nd leading cause of lung cancer

16 Indoor airPLUS Voluntary partnership with building industry to promote healthier homes Co-labeled with ENERGY STAR and Green Programs Science-based construction specifications address asthma triggers, radon, mold, chemicals 300 partners in 50 states since launch in April 2009 “Our two oldest children haven’t had to take breathing treatments since we moved in July of last year. It’s a great feeling not hearing them cough at night.“ Indoor airPLUS homebuyer testimonial Quality Built Homes Healthy Home Testing, LLC 4 / 19 / 2009

17 + Materials Moisture Control + Pest Barriers+ Combustion Systems + Ventilation & Filtration + Radon Control + What’s inside Indoor airPLUS?

18 Healthy Buildings  Focus: IAQ management in buildings, mold and moisture control, pollutants and sources  Key player in expanding Green Building movement  Building Sector impacts include 39% of energy use, 69% of electricity use, 38% of CO 2 emissions  EPA tools and guidance include:  Commercial & Institutional buildings - Upcoming guidance for moisture control in commercial buildings - Indoor Air Quality Guide: Best Practices for Design, Construction, and Commissioning (advanced IAQ design guide with ASHRAE, AIA, USGBC, BOMA, SMACNA)  Residential  Mold remediation and prevention guidance  Flood clean-up guidance  Indoor airPLUS technical guidance for builders

19 Healthy Schools In mid-1990s, approximately 50% of schools with problems related to IAQ –Very few with IAQ Management plans IAQ Tools for Schools – model for IAQ in schools –Identify and solve existing IAQ problems –Prevent IAQ problems from developing Program Results: –60,000 schools (51% of US Schools) have IAQ Management plans

20 If the global climate changes significantly…. …how will it impact buildings and indoor air quality?

21 Adaptation to Climate Change will Magnify the Importance of Healthy Indoor Environments Some potential impacts: Stronger storms, massive property damage, flooding, water intrusions (increased mold growth) Heat waves, drought (need for tighter homes) Increased indoor levels of pollutants (ex. ozone & mold) Increased levels of pests Some potential mitigations/ adaptations: Changing construction practices, alterations to existing buildings –(ex. Modifications to save energy, additional filtration, HVAC) Increased time spent indoors

22 Indoor Environments Climate Adaptation Strategy Communicate: Highlight connections between climate change and IAQ (NAS Report) Adapt Existing Guidance: Continue to target guidance to those who need it, resulting in reductions in indoor air contaminants and improvements in public health Influence Research: Increase efforts to originate and influence research efforts and guidance development.

23 IAQ Impact on Tribes Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in 5 of the 6 IHS regions. – Radon is the main cause for non-smokers. – 21,000 lung cancers deaths annually. Asthma as one of the top ten causes of death in Indian Country. Asthma affects: –12% of people living in tribal communities – nearly double the current national average of 7%. 1 –13.0% of American Indian/Alaska Native children compared to 8.9% of children in the U.S CDC. Surveillance for asthma---United States, In: CDC Surveillance Summaries (March 29). MMWR 2002;51(No. SS-1). 2. Asthma Prevalence Among US Children in Underrepresented Minority Populations: American Indian/Alaska Native, Chinese, Filipino, and Asian Indian. Brim, Rudd, Funk, and Callahan. PEDIATRICS: 122(1). July 2008, pp. e217-e222

24 IAQ Impact on Tribes. Combustion products – Carbon Monoxide & Nitrogen Dioxide poisonings & deaths – Soot & particles Secondhand Smoke Mold, Mildew & other Bioaerosols Chemicals & VOC’s – Pesticides –Formaldehyde –Lead

25 EPA’s Tribal Indoor Air Quality Web site –

26

27 Resources & How we can work together EPA IED Programs Aberdeen Area Tribal Chairmen’s Health Board Asthma Prevention Campaign – AsthmaCommunityNetwork.org – Native AIR program – NoAttacks.org – Radon Hotline & Services – Radon Leaders Saving Lives –

28 Indoor Environments Division Healthier Buildings, Healthier People General IAQ Issues: Rick White, Deputy Division Director, Acting