Global Social Protection Floor Perspectives and Experiences of OECD-POVNET and FINLAND Pre-Conference Workshop on the Global Social Protection Floor Global Conference of ICSW, IFSW and IASSW Hong Kong, 7 June, 2010 Timo Voipio Vice-Chair, OECD-POVNET Senior Adviser for Global Social Policy Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

THANKS to ICSW 1) Kuala Lumpur ) Brasilia ) Tours ) Hong Kong CONGRATULATIONS ICSW !  North-South Programme ! - CONGRATULATIONS TANZANIA AND FINLAND !  Twinning, most fruitful !!

CONGRATULATIONS ICSW, IFSW and IASSW  Global Social Protection Floor 1) For >30 years the international aid community has been trying to reduce poverty by… - economic growth + “trickle down” - short-term (3yr) “poverty reduction projects” 2) Yet, in all societies that have succeeded: permanent national institutions for: - DECENT WORK for employment intensive, pro- poor, redistributed and sustainable growth - SOCIAL PROTECTION for the young, old, sick, disabled – or those in various kinds of “shocks”

POVNET Plenary Paris 17 April, 2007 Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland 4 SOCIALECONOMIC Rio-1992  Sustainable development = balanced dev’t ENVIRONMENT

Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland 5 SOCIAL -security & protection -inclusion & dialogue - rights & equality, - empowerment Employment,entre-preneurship & growth DECENT WORK FOR ALL ILO, UN-ECOSOC, EU: DECENT WORK FOR ALL

Why Social Protection ? 1) Good for economic growth: poor and vulnerable people often make sub-optimal economic choices because they cannot tolerate the risks related to moving to new crops, businesses, areas …in financial crisis  aggregate demand! 2) A human right (Art UDHR) – and a basic pillar of social cohesion (social contract). 3) Fastest way to achieve MDGs

Promising evidence, e.g. from… 1) Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs), e.g. Bolsa Familia in Brazil; ADB Conditional Cash Transfers Bolsa Familia in BrazilADB 2) Employment Guarantee Schemes, e.g. NREGA in India… Employment Guarantee NREGA in India 3) Social Health Insurance, e.g. in Rwanda Social Health Insurance, Rwanda 4) Child Grants/ family benefits, e.g. in South Africa Child Grantsfamily benefitsSouth Africa 5) Social pensions, e.g. in Nepal, South Africa, Brazil. Social pensionsNepal 6) Maternity protection  MDG-5 !!! Maternity protection  MDG-5

–Aid Experts’ Meeting  UN CSocD  Book + Policy Statement Finland: Aid  PovRed  GlobSocPol Comprehensive Social Policies for Development in a Globalizing World Link:

Social Protection Floor One key element in comprehensive social policy: Solid floor  ladder/staircase to climb higher!! Social contract – nationally and globally – to ensure that every woman and man will be able to participate in, contribute to and benefit from development…  OECD-POVNET

OECD-DAC = ”Donor Think Tank” POVNET = Poverty Reduction Network 1) POVNET Guidelines on Poverty Reduction 2001Poverty Reduction 2) POVNET Guide on Pro-Poor Growth (PPG) 2006Pro-Poor Growth 3) PPG and Agriculture 2006Agriculture 4) PPG and Infrastructure 2006Infrastructure 5) PPG and PrivSectDevt 2006PrivSectDevt 6) PPG and Social Protection 2009Social Protection 7) PPG and Employment 2009Employment 8) PPG and Empowerment - forthcoming ) Global Social Protection Floor

POVNET Plenary Paris 17 April, 2007 Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland

POVNET Plenary Paris 17 April, 2007 Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland 12 Risk & Vulnerability = Key constraints for the participation of the poor people in PPG in PSD and Agriculture  Social Protection needed…

POVNET Plenary Paris 17 April, 2007 Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland 13 POVNET: Pro-poor growth = growth that poor people participate in, contribute to and benefit from… A narrow ‘tradeable’/ Growth in all sectors/areas/markets ‘export’ sector/area/market? where the poor are & growth (and redistribution, if any?)also in the national economy? OLD NEW

Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland 14 Reliable SocProt may also encourage structural change & climate adaptation A narrow ‘tradeable’/ Growth in all sectors/areas/markets ‘export’ sector/area/market? where the poor are + flexibility (and redistribution, if any?)for structural change, thanks to increased social security + Structural change

POVNET Plenary Paris 17 April, 2007 Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland 15 Justifications used by donors for focusing on Social Protection Pro-poor growth helps avoid shocks that can derail growth promotes innovation, risk taking and entrepreneurship broadens participation in economic growth focuses on asset accumulation counteracts irreversible asset depletion Rights-based MDGs, basic needs human development / human security (Sen/JICA) global socio-economic ‘floor’ (minimum standards) & global compact (MDG8) democratic participation and social dialogue sustainable development, lifecycle and inter-generational thinking

The ILO Global Campaign to Extend Social Security to All A Human Rights Based Approach… Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: “Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security” further explained by article 25 and echoed by the International Covenant on Economic and Social Rights (1966,1976) as commented by the Committee on Economic, Social and cultural rights in 2008 stating –Progressive implementation of the right to social security while maintaining –a core obligation to select a core group of social risks and contingencies for immediate implementation –States parties…”should consider the development of further legal instruments” to “ ensure that the right to social security is given due attention in international agreements”

The ILO Global Campaign to Extend Social Security to All A Human Rights Based Approach… UDHR Article 25: Right to health and well being including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services …special care and assistance in case of motherhood and childhood… Article 26: Universal right to education… Article 27: Right to participate in the cultural life of the community… THE SPF INITITIATIVE GIVES CORE CONTENT TO THE BASIC RIGHTS EVEN IN TIMES OF CRISES …

What is the Social Protection Floor (SPF)–Initiative? One-UN  Mandated by UN Crisis Summit and CEB Ensuring rights to essential services and social transfers for the poor and vulnerable: 1.Essential services, such as health, water and sanitation, education, social work 2. Essential social transfers: – Universal Health Care – Assistance for Unemployed and Poor – Child benefit – Universal Old-Age and Disability Pension

Family Benefit Sickness Benefit Unemployment Benefit Maternity Benefit Medical Care Benefit Survivors’ Benefit Invalidity Benefit Old-age Benefit Employment Injury Benefit Public Employees + depend- ants Private Employees+ dependants Self- employed + Depend- ants Workers in Informal Economy + depend- ants Non-employed Working Age and their dependants, elderly, children Four Guarantees: Universal Health Care Assistance for Unemployed and Poor Child benefit Universal Old-Age and Disability Pension The universal and progressive social security development approach: The horizontal and vertical dimensions – ILO mandate: HORIZONTAL DIMENSION VERTICAL DIMENSION Social Protection Floor Social Security Benefits according to C. 102

Timo Voipio, MFA-Finland 20 Gradual mngt of prioritized poverty risks through legislation & regulation, case Finland Housing ( ) Immigr. Old age ( ) Long term un- Work and family (65-95) employment Ill health ( ) Studies (60-85) Over indebt- Children ( ) edness (1990s) Unemployment (60-85) 1990s. 2000s 1920s s.1990s. 2000s (Sources: Jäntti, Saari, Vartiainen 2005; Saari 2005).

Who participates in the SPF-Initiative? National governments (ministries of labour, health, finance, agriculture …), social partners and national NGOs/CSOs, etc. + Regional bodies ? UN agencies such as ILO, WHO, FAO, IMF, OHCHR, UN Regional Commissions, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNDESA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNHABITAT, UNHCR, UNODC, UNRWA, WFP, WMO, other international organizations such as World Bank and Regional Development Banks, and bilateral donors (e.g. Germany, UK, Finland, EU), global funds and International NGOs (ICSW, HAI, SCF...) OECD-POVNET

The ILO Global Campaign to Extend Social Security to All Global coordination and support – National Action Country level: Joint SPF Taskforce (government, social partners, social security institutions, UN agencies, NGOs, donors, etc. ) Global level: Coordination of UN agencies (ILO, WHO, UNICEF, UNDESA, UNAIDS …), donors, international NGOs, Govts, social partners which set up a Global Technical Advisory Network Government, social partners, UN agencies, NGOs etc. Global Technical Advisory Network Support Joint SPF Taskforce

FINLAND / Development cooperation: Strong support to UN normative role/processes 1)UN CSocD (Commission for Social Development) Feb-2010UN CSocD  Social Protection Floor Social Protection Floor  SDAN: Social Development Advisers’ Network 2) Special Rapporteur on Rights of People with Disabilities Special Rapporteur on Rights of People with Disabilities + Book + Global Partnership on Disability and Dev’t (GPDD)Book Global Partnership on Disability and Dev’t (GPDD) 3) UN Human Rights Council3) UN Human Rights Council / Independent Expert on Extreme Poverty + ICHRPIndependent Expert on Extreme PovertyICHRP Social Pensions and Human Rights CCTs and HR, Crisis/SP/HRCCTs and HRCrisis/SP/HR

Finland – Development cooperation Multilateral support to SP innovation work by One-UN Social Protection Floor Initiative (SPF-I)One-UN Social Protection Floor Initiative (SPF-I) ILO DW/SP in Central AsiaILODW/SP in Central Asia UNICEF + WFP + UNFPA + UNDPUNICEFWFPUNFPAUNDP WB (TFESSD, incl. WB-SP and Disability)WBTFESSDWB-SPDisability

Finland – Development cooperation Active role in ‘brokering’ SP Agenda Development in… OECD-POVNET Policy Guidance on SP and PPG 2009 Measuring SP in ODA statistics 2010 (user: povnet; pass: dacpovnet) Measuring SP in ODA statistics 2010 Joint Donor Learning Events on SP (Train4Dev) 2010  Joint Donor Learning Events on SP Train4Dev Global Social Protection Floor EU: European Development Report 2010 on SP in SSA Dec10  Communication/Conclusions on SP 2011?EU: European Development Report 2010 on SP in SSA Dec10 AU/EU Strategic Partnership on Migr/Empl/SP DakarAU/EU Strategic Partnership on Migr/Empl/SP Dakar

Finland – Development cooperation CSOs: ICSW (International Council for Social Welfare) + IFSW (Int’l Federation of Social Workers)IFSW (Int’l Federation of Social Workers) + IASSW (Int’l Association of Schools of Social WorkIASSW (Int’l Association of Schools of Social Work  Joint Conference Hong Kong June, 2010Joint Conference Hong Kong June, 2010 World Conference on Universal Social Security, Brazil, 12/10World Conference on Universal Social Security, Brazil, 12/10 World Social Security Forum, ISSA, Cape Town 12/10 IDS-Centre for Social Protection Conference on SP for Social Justice April, 2011IDS-Centre for Social Protection Conference on SP for Social Justice April, 2011

CONGRATULATIONS to ICSW, IFSW and IASSW - None of this will succeed without committed and competent PROFESSIONALS of CARE !! - Key challenges, therefore:  Rights of Care Workers  Human Rights to Care  Economics of Care